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rdf:type |
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lifeskim:mentions |
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pubmed:issue |
10
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pubmed:dateCreated |
1991-8-15
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pubmed:abstractText |
The quantity and quality of HIV-1 gene expression is temporally controlled by a cascade of sequential regulatory interactions. Basal HIV-1 transcription is determined by interaction of cellular regulatory proteins with specific DNA target sequences within the HIV-1 long-terminal repeat. The most notable of these protein:DNA interactions involves NF-kappa B, a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the activation of genes important for cellular responses to infection and inflammation. A second level of control involves the virally encoded Tat trans-activator. Tat, in combination with as yet unidentified cellular proteins, activates HIV-1 gene expression through a specific interaction with the viral TAR RNA stem-loop target sequence. A final level of regulation is mediated by the viral Rev protein. Rev acts posttranscriptionally to induce the expression of HIV-1 structural proteins and thereby commits HIV-1 to the late, cytopathic phase of the viral replication cycle. Rev activity appears to require a critical, threshold level of Rev protein expression, thus preventing entry into this late phase in cells that are unable to support efficient HIV-1 gene expression. In total, this cascade of regulatory levels allows the HIV-1 provirus to respond appropriately to the intracellular milieu present in each infected cell. In activated cells, the combination of Tat and Rev can stimulate a very high level of viral gene expression and replication. In quiescent or resting cells, in contrast, these same regulatory proteins are predicted to maintain the HIV-1 provirus in a latent or nonproductive state.
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pubmed:language |
eng
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pubmed:journal |
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pubmed:citationSubset |
IM
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pubmed:chemical |
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Bacterial Proteins,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Escherichia coli Proteins,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gene Products, nef,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gene Products, vif,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Gene Products, vpr,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Human Immunodeficiency Virus...,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Membrane Proteins,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/NF-kappa B,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/RNA,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Receptors, Cell Surface,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Tar protein, E coli,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Viral Regulatory and Accessory...,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/nef Gene Products, Human...,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/vif Gene Products, Human...,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/vpr Gene Products, Human...,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/vpu protein, Human...
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pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
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pubmed:month |
Jul
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pubmed:issn |
0892-6638
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pubmed:author |
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pubmed:issnType |
Print
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pubmed:volume |
5
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pubmed:geneSymbol |
env,
gag,
nef,
pol,
rev,
rre,
tat,
vif
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pubmed:owner |
NLM
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pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
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pubmed:pagination |
2361-8
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pubmed:dateRevised |
2008-11-21
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pubmed:meshHeading |
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Avian leukosis virus,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Bacterial Proteins,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Base Sequence,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Chemoreceptor Cells,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Escherichia coli Proteins,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Gene Expression Regulation, Viral,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Gene Products, nef,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Gene Products, vif,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Gene Products, vpr,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Genes, rev,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Genes, tat,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-HIV Long Terminal Repeat,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-HIV-1,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Membrane Proteins,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Molecular Sequence Data,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-NF-kappa B,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Promoter Regions, Genetic,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-RNA,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Receptors, Cell Surface,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Transcription, Genetic,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
pubmed-meshheading:1712325-vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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pubmed:year |
1991
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pubmed:articleTitle |
Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression.
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pubmed:affiliation |
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article,
Review
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