16818793

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/16818793

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Predicate	Object
rdf:type	pubmed:Citation
lifeskim:mentions	umls-concept:C0011065, umls-concept:C0017262, umls-concept:C0185117, umls-concept:C0206116, umls-concept:C0214743, umls-concept:C0387583, umls-concept:C1879547, umls-concept:C1882598, umls-concept:C2349975, umls-concept:C2911684
pubmed:issue	2
pubmed:dateCreated	2006-7-4
pubmed:abstractText	Brain inflammation has recently attracted widespread interest because it is a risk factor for the onset and progression of brain diseases. In this study, we report that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in the resolution of brain inflammation by inducing the death of microglia. We previously reported that IL-13, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, induced the death of activated microglia. These results revealed that IL-13 significantly enhanced COX-2 expression and production of PGE(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) in LPS-treated microglia. Two other anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-beta, neither induced microglial death nor enhanced COX-2 expression or PGE(2) or 15d-PGJ(2) production. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effect of IL-13 on COX-2 expression may be linked to death of activated microglia. We found that COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib and NS398) suppressed the death of microglia induced by a combination of LPS and IL-13 and that exogenous addition of PGE(2) and 15d-PGJ(2) induced microglial death. Agonists of EP2 (butaprost) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ciglitazone) mimicked the effect of PGE(2) and 15d-PGJ(2), and an EP2 antagonist (AH6809) and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist (GW9662) suppressed microglial death induced by LPS in combination with IL-13. In addition, IL-13 potentiated LPS-induced activation of JNK, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed the enhancement of COX-2 expression and attenuated microglial death. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-13 enhanced COX-2 expression in LPS-treated microglia through the enhancement of JNK activation. Furthermore, COX-2 products, PGE(2) and 15d-PGJ(2), caused microglial death, which terminates brain inflammation.
pubmed:language	eng
pubmed:journal	http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/journal/2985117R
pubmed:citationSubset	AIM
pubmed:chemical	http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Cyclooxygenase 2, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Interleukin-10, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Interleukin-13, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Interleukin-4, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Lipopolysaccharides, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/PPAR gamma, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Ptger2 protein, rat, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Receptors, Prostaglandin E, http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2..., http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/Transforming Growth Factor beta
pubmed:status	MEDLINE
pubmed:month	Jul
pubmed:issn	0022-1767
pubmed:author	pubmed-author:JeonSae-BomSB, pubmed-author:JiKyung-AeKA, pubmed-author:JinByung-KwanBK, pubmed-author:JoeEunhyeE, pubmed-author:JouIloI, pubmed-author:KimSeung USU, pubmed-author:YangMyung-SoonMS
pubmed:issnType	Print
pubmed:day	15
pubmed:volume	177
pubmed:owner	NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete	Y
pubmed:pagination	1323-9
pubmed:dateRevised	2010-11-18
pubmed:meshHeading	pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Brain, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Cell Death, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Cells, Cultured, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Cyclooxygenase 2, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Interleukin-10, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Interleukin-13, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Interleukin-4, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Lipopolysaccharides, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Microglia, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-PPAR gamma, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Rats, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Rats, Sprague-Dawley, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Receptors, Prostaglandin E, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Transforming Growth Factor beta, pubmed-meshheading:16818793-Up-Regulation
pubmed:year	2006
pubmed:articleTitle	Interleukin-13 enhances cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated rat brain microglia: implications for death of activated microglia.
pubmed:affiliation	Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, Korea.
pubmed:publicationType	Journal Article, Comparative Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't