Linked Life Data

16585403

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/16585403

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
13
pubmed:dateCreated
2006-4-4
pubmed:abstractText
Nitric oxide (NO*) is an important protective molecule in the vasculature, and endothelial NO* synthase (eNOS) is responsible for most of the vascular NO* produced. A functional eNOS oxidizes its substrate L-arginine to L-citrulline and NO*. This normal function of eNOS requires dimerization of the enzyme, the presence of the substrate L-arginine, and the essential cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4), one of the most potent naturally occurring reducing agents. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, or chronic smoking stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species in the vascular wall. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases represent major sources of this reactive oxygen species and have been found upregulated and activated in animal models of hypertension, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle and in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Superoxide (O2*-) reacts avidly with vascular NO* to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). The cofactor BH4 is highly sensitive to oxidation by ONOO-. Diminished levels of BH4 promote O2*- production by eNOS (referred to as eNOS uncoupling). This transformation of eNOS from a protective enzyme to a contributor to oxidative stress has been observed in several in vitro models, in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, and in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. In many cases, supplementation with BH4 has been shown to correct eNOS dysfunction in animal models and patients. In addition, folic acid and infusions of vitamin C are able to restore eNOS functionality, most probably by enhancing BH4 levels as well.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
AIM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Apr
pubmed:issn
1524-4539
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Electronic
pubmed:day
4
pubmed:volume
113
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
1708-14
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2006
pubmed:articleTitle
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular disease: from marvel to menace.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. ulrich.forstermann@uni-mainz.de
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review