Linked Life Data

16362181

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/16362181

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
2
pubmed:dateCreated
2006-1-23
pubmed:abstractText
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) evokes widespread/diffuse axonal injury (TAI) significantly contributing to its morbidity and mortality. While classic theories suggest that traumatically injured axons are mechanically torn at the moment of injury, studies in the last two decades have not supported this premise in the majority of injured axons. Rather, current thought considers TAI a progressive process evoked by the tensile forces of injury, gradually evolving from focal axonal alteration to ultimate disconnection. Recent observations have demonstrated that traumatically induced focal axolemmal permeability leads to local influx of Ca2+ with the subsequent activation of the cysteine proteases, calpain and caspase, that then play a pivotal role in the ensuing pathogenesis of TAI via proteolytic digestion of brain spectrin, a major constituent of the subaxolemmal cytoskeletal network, the "membrane skeleton". In this pathological progression this local Ca2+ overloading with the activation of calpains also initiates mitochondrial injury that results in the release of cytochrome-c, with the activation of caspase. Both the activated calpain and caspases then participate in the degradation of the local axonal cytoskeleton causing local axonal failure and disconnection. In this review, we summarize contemporary thought on the pathogenesis of TAI, while discussing the potential diversity of pathological processes observed within various injured fiber types. The anterograde and retrograde consequences of TAI are also considered together with a discussion of various experimental therapeutic approaches capable of attenuating TAI.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Feb
pubmed:issn
0001-6268
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
148
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
181-93; discussion 193-4
pubmed:dateRevised
2009-11-11
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2006
pubmed:articleTitle
All roads lead to disconnection?--Traumatic axonal injury revisited.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. andras.buki@aok.pte.hu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural