Linked Life Data

16052044

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/16052044

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
1-2
pubmed:dateCreated
2005-7-29
pubmed:abstractText
Galanin is a highly inducible neuropeptide, showing distinct up-regulation after pathological disturbance within the nervous system. Significant increase in galanin expression is observed after peripheral nerve injury, in the basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease (AD), during neuronal development, and after stimulation with estrogen, while seizure activity deplete galanin in the hippocampus. A wide distribution of galanin and its receptors is seen in the nervous system, often in co-localization with classical neurotransmitters and other neuromodulators. Galanin acts predominantly as an inhibitory, hyperpolarizing neuromodulator on neurotransmitter and glucose-induced insulin release and stimulates growth hormone and prolactin secretion. Galanin has been implicated in several higher order physiological functions including cognition, feeding, nociception, mood regulation, and neuroendocrine modulation. The effects of galanin are mediated via three G protein-coupled receptors with different functional coupling. Moderate to low pharmacological effects are seen by galanin under physiological conditions, in contrast to its dramatic effects on the nervous system after neuronal disturbance. This pathophysiological heavy function of the galaninergic system renders it an interest for disorders such as AD, depression, and epilepsy in terms of side effects. Some properties of the galaninergic system are of particular importance in the context of neurodegeneration. Galanin is highly inducible, 10- to 100-fold, upon nerve injury, whereas most neuropeptides are induced 1.5- to 2-fold. Galanin is strongly neurotrophic during development as well as subsequent to injury. Whereas other neurotrophic neuropeptides like VIP and PACAP activate cAMP synthesis, galanin suppresses its synthesis, yet it is a strong neurotrophic as well as neuroprotective agent. As we delineate which galanin receptor subtype mediates neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects and which mediates synaptic inhibition, pharmacological use of receptor- selective galaninergic ligands for treatment in neurodegenerative diseases are coming closer.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:issn
1535-1084
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
7
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
157-80
pubmed:dateRevised
2007-11-14
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2005
pubmed:articleTitle
Galanin and its receptors in neurological disorders.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural