Linked Life Data

15568811

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/15568811

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
48
pubmed:dateCreated
2004-11-30
pubmed:abstractText
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) is a widely used substitute for dithiothreitol (DTT) in the reduction of disulfide bonds in biochemical systems. Although TCEP has been recently shown to be a substrate of the flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidases, there is little quantitative information concerning the rate by which TCEP reduces other peptidic disulfide bonds. In this study, mono-, di-, and trimethyl ester analogues of TCEP were synthesized to evaluate the role of carboxylate anions in the reduction mechanism, and to expand the range of phosphine reductants. The effectiveness of all four phosphines relative to DTT has been determined using model disulfides, including a fluorescent disulfide-containing peptide (H(3)N(+)-VTWCGACKM-NH(2)), and with protein disulfide bonds in thioredoxin and sulfhydryl oxidase. Mono-, di-, and trimethyl esters exhibit phosphorus pK values of 6.8, 5.8, and 4.7, respectively, extending their reactivity with the model peptide to correspondingly lower pH values relative to that of TCEP (pK = 7.6). At pH 5.0, the order of reactivity is as follows: trimethyl- > dimethyl- > monomethyl- > TCEP >> DTT; tmTCEP is 35-fold more reactive than TCEP, and DTT is essentially unreactive. Esterification also increases lipophilicity, allowing tmTCEP to penetrate phospholipid bilayers rapidly (>30-fold faster than DTT), whereas the parent TCEP is impermeant. Although more reactive than DTT toward small-molecule disulfides at pH 7.5, all phosphines are markedly less reactive toward protein disulfides at this pH. Molecular modeling suggests that the nucleophilic phosphorus of TCEP is more sterically crowded than the thiolate of DTT, contributing to the lower reactivity of the phosphine with protein disulfides. In sum, these data suggest that there is considerable scope for the synthesis of phosphine analogues tailored for specific applications in biological systems.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Dec
pubmed:issn
0006-2960
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:day
7
pubmed:volume
43
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
15195-203
pubmed:dateRevised
2007-11-15
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2004
pubmed:articleTitle
New water-soluble phosphines as reductants of peptide and protein disulfide bonds: reactivity and membrane permeability.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't