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rdf:type |
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lifeskim:mentions |
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pubmed:issue |
4
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pubmed:dateCreated |
1992-10-15
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pubmed:abstractText |
In response to a recorded increasing incidence of diarrhoea in Tumpat District, Malaysia, a case-control study was performed to identify modifiable risk factors for the transmission of diarrhoea, in children aged 4-59 months. Ninety-eight pairs of children, matched on age and sex, were recruited prospectively from health centres. Exposure status was determined during a home visit. Interviewers were 'blinded' as to the disease status of each child. Odds ratios were measured through matched pair analysis and conditional logistic regression. Risk factors for diarrhoea identified were: reported--drinking of unboiled water, storage of cooked food before consumption and bottle feeding; and observations--animals inside the house and absence of washing water in latrines. Water quality, source of drinking water, reported hand washing behaviour, indiscriminate defecation by children, cup use and the absence of a functional latrine were not associated with diarrhoea. Nonsignificant associations were found for: accessibility of washing water source, type of water storage container and use of fly covers for food.
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pubmed:keyword |
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Animal Resources,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Asia,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Biology,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Bottle Feeding,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Breast Feeding,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Case Control Studies,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Communication,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Control Groups,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Demographic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Developing Countries,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Diarrhea--transmission,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Diseases,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/ENVIRONMENT,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Economic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/FOOD SUPPLY,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/HYGIENE,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Health,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Home Visits,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Infant Nutrition,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Infections,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/MALAYSIA,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Matched Groups,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Methodological Studies,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Natural Resources,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Nutrition,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/PUBLIC HEALTH,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Population,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Population Characteristics,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Research Methodology,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Respiratory Infections,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Risk Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Rural Population,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/SANITATION,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Socioeconomic Factors,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Socioeconomic Status,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Southeastern Asia,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/Studies,
http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/WATER SUPPLY
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pubmed:language |
eng
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pubmed:journal |
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pubmed:citationSubset |
IM
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pubmed:status |
MEDLINE
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pubmed:month |
Aug
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pubmed:issn |
0300-5771
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pubmed:author |
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pubmed:issnType |
Print
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pubmed:volume |
21
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pubmed:owner |
NLM
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pubmed:authorsComplete |
Y
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pubmed:pagination |
812-8
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pubmed:dateRevised |
2004-11-17
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pubmed:otherAbstract |
PIP: In February-March 1989, during home visits, health investigators collected data on 98 pairs of 4-59 month old children recruited from 5 government health centers in rural Tumpat District in Malaysia to identify the risk factors for transmission of diarrhea. The controls had acute respiratory infections. Households not boiling drinking water and children drinking that water were leading risk factors of diarrhea transmission (adds ration [OR]=15, p=.02 and OR=3.13, p.001, respectively). 80.3% of reported boiled drinking water samples did not have any fecal coliforms. Storage of cooked food for 2 hours before consumption was a risk factor OR of conditional logistic regression=3 for 2 hours, p=.02; 2.44 for 2 hours=1/2 day, p=.03; and 9.82 for 1.2 day, p=.03). Another risk factor was animals (cats and chickens) living inside the dwelling (OR=2.41, p=.06). Socioeconomic status could not account for these 2 risk factors. Even though having no latrine in the house was not associated with diarrhea (OR=1.7, p=5), no water available with which to wash the anus and hand in latrines located in those houses which had latrines was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=2.8, p=.05). This may have reflected overall poor hygienic standards. Even though breast feeding did not have a strong protective effect against diarrhea, bottle feeding was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=8.07, p=.06). The lack of negative association between breast feeding and diarrhea may have been due to the controls' had respiratory infections, and breast feeding does have a protective effect against them. These results can help health officials to develop intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in rural children in Malaysia.
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pubmed:meshHeading |
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Acute Disease,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Case-Control Studies,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Child, Preschool,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Data Collection,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Diarrhea,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Female,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Humans,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Hygiene,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Infant,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Malaysia,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Male,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Matched-Pair Analysis,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Odds Ratio,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Regression Analysis,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Risk Factors,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Rural Population,
pubmed-meshheading:1521988-Water Supply
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pubmed:year |
1992
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pubmed:articleTitle |
Risk factors for the transmission of diarrhoea in children: a case-control study in rural Malaysia.
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pubmed:affiliation |
Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota, Bharu.
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pubmed:publicationType |
Journal Article
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