Linked Life Data

15062632

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/15062632

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
1
pubmed:dateCreated
2004-5-27
pubmed:abstractText
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been associated with a prominent disturbance of executive functions. There is no pathognomic neuropsychological profile for the disorder, however. Nonetheless, results of neuropsychological testing, in concert with other clinical information,provide a more comprehensive and detailed picture of the individual patient's cognitive and emotional strengths and weaknesses than a psychiatric diagnostic interview alone. This approach to the evaluation of ADHD therefore can provide a strong objective basis from which to make patient-specific recommendations for compensatory strategies and treatment. It should be noted, however, that although executive dysfunction in the form of impaired response inhibition remains the most prominent cognitive theory of ADHD, other theories have been put forth that also deserve further investigation. These include a disturbance in delay aversion (referring to intolerance for waiting) and impaired temporal processing, among others [79]. The neural substrates of executive dysfunction in ADHD have begun to be revealed by a growing body of structural and functional neuroimaging research. Although still in its infancy, neuroimaging of ADHD is pointing toward disruption of FSTC circuitry and the cerebellum as being central to the cognitive and motor abnormalities seen in the disorder. Further research using cognitive tasks assessing executive functions in combination with functional imaging techniques will provide further insight into the etiology of the disorder. It is expected that advances in structural and functional neuroimaging will yield valuable information that will facilitate the differential diagnosis of ADHD. Evidence cited suggests that psychostimulant medication can improve executive functions and their underlying FSTC circuitry. Furthermore, a recent study of adults with ADHD found significant improvements in organization skills and other symptoms of ADHD following cognitive remediation targeting several executive and emotional aspects of the disorder [80]. Additional studies investigating the effects of treatment on executive dysfunction and brain integrity in ADHD will be necessary to determine the degree to which the structural and functional brain abnormalities observed are mutable. Finally, because the myriad cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in ADHD likely reflect the interplay of multiple cognitive and psychosocial factors, development of treatments for ADHD likely will require a multi-modal approach.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Mar
pubmed:issn
0193-953X
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
27
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
83-96, ix
pubmed:dateRevised
2009-11-3
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2004
pubmed:articleTitle
Executive dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: cognitive and neuroimaging findings.
pubmed:affiliation
Brain Imaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School and New Hampshire Hospital, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA. robert.m.roth@dartmouth.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't