Linked Life Data

14702176

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14702176

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
1
pubmed:dateCreated
2003-12-31
pubmed:abstractText
The present work studied the induction of cleft palate formation in embryos developed from pregnant BALB/c mice treated orally with retinoic acid (RA). Previous studies on mature somatic cell types showed that RA exerted inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production. For the first time, our study has shown that RA actually stimulates significant expression of iNOS at specific zones of the affected embryonic palatal tissues at three consecutive stages, from gestation day 13 (GD13) to day 16 (GD16). Enzymatically, iNOS facilitates intracellular nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from L-arginine. When NO reacts with reactive superoxides it may result in irreparable cell injury. NO was also reported to induce apoptosis in some mammalian cell systems. Based on our findings, we propose that such an increase in NO production might be associated with apoptosis in the embryonic palatal tissues in the RA-treated mice. The detrimental effects of NO resulted in a reduction in proliferating palatal cells and therefore disturbed the normal plasticity of the palatal shelves. With iNOS overexpression, our findings also showed that there was significant concomitant down-regulation in the expressions of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) -2, 4, and 7 with regional variations particularly in the palatal mesenchymal cells for those embryos developing cleft palate. Since specific spatial and temporal expressions of BMPs -2, 4, and 7 are critical during normal palatal morphogenesis, any deficiency in the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction may result in retarding growth at the embryonic palatal shelves. Taken together, our study has demonstrated cleft palate formation in the BALB/c embryos involved overexpression of iNOS and down-regulation of BMPs-2, 4 and 7.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Jan
pubmed:issn
0213-3911
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
19
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
95-104
pubmed:dateRevised
2008-11-21
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2004
pubmed:articleTitle
Overexpression of iNOS and down-regulation of BMPs-2, 4 and 7 in retinoic acid induced cleft palate formation.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., P.R. China.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Comparative Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't