Linked Life Data

14511957

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14511957

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:issue
3
pubmed:dateCreated
2003-9-26
pubmed:abstractText
DNA vaccines have become a reliable and major means to elicit immune responses in the past decade. We and others have attempted to obtain stronger, more long lasting, and optimized immune responses, subsequent to the pioneering works demonstrating the ability of plasmid DNA to raise specific immune responses. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology allow the application of various adjuvants, immunologic agents that increase the antigenic response, in DNA vaccines. Adjuvants can be broadly separated into two classes based on their origin-genetic and conventional. Genetic adjuvants are expression vectors of cytokines or other molecules that can modulate immune responses when administered with a vaccine antigen. Conventional adjuvants are chemical compounds that enhance, prolong, or modulate antigen-specific immune responses. The use of an appropriate adjuvant is pivotal in optimizing the response to DNA vaccines. Moreover, DNA vaccines themselves possess their own adjuvant activity because of the presence of unmethylated CpG motifs in particular base contents. The route of inoculation is also a critical factor in determining the outcome of vaccination. It is well known that intramuscular injection preferentially induces Th1-type immunity, whereas particle bombardment by gene gun predominantly induces Th2-type response. This article focuses on providing the detailed procedure to construct genetic adjuvant plasmids and prepare DNA vaccines formulated with conventional adjuvants. We also offer a practical guide for the procedure of intramuscular DNA injection.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Nov
pubmed:issn
1046-2023
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
31
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
243-54
pubmed:dateRevised
2008-11-21
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2003
pubmed:articleTitle
Adjuvant formulations and delivery systems for DNA vaccines.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Bioregulation, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 189-0002 Tokyo, Japan.
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Review