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Examination of the post-mortem records of 1,391 unselected cases showed that the commonest condition associated with excessive diffuse enlargement of the kidneys was chronic cor pulmonale. A less striking enlargement was found in some cases of chronic rheumatic heart disease.A hypothesis is put forward in which the renal enlargement is regarded as a work hypertrophy brought about by the kidneys' efforts to compensate for a chronic respiratory acidosis.
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