Linked Life Data

12467241

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/12467241

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:dateCreated
2002-12-6
pubmed:abstractText
The mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs) are products of an evolutionary process that began prior to the separation of plants and animals. The most conserved protein motif within the TLRs is the TIR, which denotes Toll, the Interleukin-1 receptor, and plant disease Resistance genes. To trace the ancestry of the TLRs, it is desirable to draw upon the sequences of TIR domains from TLRs of diverse vertebrate species, including species with known dates of divergence (i.e., representatives of Mammalia and Aves) in order to establish a relationship between time and genetic divergence. It appears that a gene ancestral to modern TLRs 1 and 6 duplicated approximately 130 million years ago, only shortly before the speciation event that led to humans and mice. Though it is not represented in mice, TLR10 split from the TLR[1/6] precursor about 300 million years ago. The origins of other TLRs are more ancient, dating to the origins of vertebrate life, and some present-day vertebrate species appear to have many more TLRs than others. Moreover, the patterns of TLR expression are quite variable at the level of tissues, even among closely related species. A given TLR in species that are related by descent from a common ancestor may acquire different duties within each descendant line, so that some microbial inducers are avidly recognized in one species but not in others; likewise the intensity and the antomic location of an innate immune response may vary considerably. In this review, we discuss the computational methods used to analyze divergence of the TIR, and the conclusions that may be safely drawn.
pubmed:grant
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:issn
0070-217X
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
270
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
1-21
pubmed:dateRevised
2008-11-21
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Amino Acid Sequence, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Animals, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Computational Biology, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Drosophila Proteins, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Evolution, Molecular, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Gene Expression Regulation, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Genetic Variation, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Humans, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Membrane Glycoproteins, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Molecular Sequence Data, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Promoter Regions, Genetic, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Receptors, Cell Surface, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Receptors, Immunologic, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Receptors, Interleukin-1, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Toll-Like Receptor 1, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Toll-Like Receptor 10, pubmed-meshheading:12467241-Toll-Like Receptors
pubmed:year
2002
pubmed:articleTitle
Evolution of the TIR, tolls and TLRs: functional inferences from computational biology.
pubmed:affiliation
Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. br?ce@scripps.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Review