Linked Life Data

11949966

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/11949966

Statements in which the resource exists as a subject.
PredicateObject
rdf:type
lifeskim:mentions
pubmed:dateCreated
2002-4-12
pubmed:abstractText
According to current theory, endometriosis is initiated during retrograde menstruation when menstrual fragments flow out of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tubes and become established on the ovarian surface or other sites in the peritoneal cavity. In recent years, new data have accumulated on the properties of menstruating tissue itself, and several laboratories agree that this tissue is rich in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that may facilitate endometriotic implantation. Recently, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 (KDR) were dramatically upregulated in the stromal cells of the superficial endometrial zones by progesterone (P) withdrawal during the premenstrual phase. A unique role of VEGF at this stage of the cycle may be to stimulate MMP expression in stromal cells because VEGF, KDR, and MMPs were all coordinately induced in these cells in the superficial zone of the primate endometrium by P withdrawal. The rich content of MMPs and VEGF in the menstrual fragments could facilitate attachment and angiogenesis of menstrual fragments in ectopic sites. In addition, a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and cellular regulators are induced by P withdrawal in the premenstrual human endometrium. These include NFKB, prostaglandins, interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1), among others. The perivascular expression of several of these factors may facilitate the rapid invasion of leukocytes into the endometrium, especially in the superficial zones. Consequently, menstrual fragments may be rich in IL-8 and MCP-1, both of which would add to the angiogenic potential of such fragments in ectopic sites. In sum, menstrual tissue is rich in VEGF, KDR, MMPs, leukocytes, chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins, all factors that may facilitate attachment and angiogenesis when menstrual fragments exit from the tubes and implant on pelvic sites. Additional research on these and other factors in premenstrual and menstrual endometrium may deepen our understanding of both the establishment and progression of this debilitating disease.
pubmed:language
eng
pubmed:journal
pubmed:citationSubset
IM
pubmed:chemical
pubmed:status
MEDLINE
pubmed:month
Mar
pubmed:issn
0077-8923
pubmed:author
pubmed:issnType
Print
pubmed:volume
955
pubmed:owner
NLM
pubmed:authorsComplete
Y
pubmed:pagination
60-74; discussion 86-8, 396-406
pubmed:dateRevised
2009-11-19
pubmed:meshHeading
pubmed:year
2002
pubmed:articleTitle
Premenstrual and menstrual changes in the macaque and human endometrium: relevance to endometriosis.
pubmed:affiliation
Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton 97006, USA. BrennerR@OHSU.edu
pubmed:publicationType
Journal Article