To determine the feasibility of guiding a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure with an electromagnetic real-time needle tip position sensor coupled to previously acquired 3-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT) images.
Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.