Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/947
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Ciprofloxacin (Solution/ Drops)
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Corneal Ulcers: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of corneal ulcers is two drops into the affected eye every 15 minutes for the first six hours and then two drops into the affected eye every 30 minutes for the remainder of the first day. On the second day, instill two drops in the affected eye hourly. On the third through the fourteenth day, place two drops in the affected eye every four hours. Treatment may be continued after 14 days if corneal re-epithelialization has not occurred.<br/>Bacterial Conjunctivitis: The recommended dosage regimen for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is one or two drops instilled into the conjunctival sac(s) every two hours while awake for two days and one or two drops every four hours while awake for the next five days.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP is a synthetic, sterile, multiple dose, antimicrobial for topical ophthalmic use. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial active against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative ocular pathogens. It is available as the monohydrochloride monohydrate salt of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid. It is a faint to light yellow crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 385.8. Its empirical formula is CHFNO���HCl���HO and its chemical structure is as follows: Ciprofloxacin differs from other quinolones in that it has a fluorine atom at the 6-position, a piperazine moiety at the 7-position, and a cyclopropyl ring at the 1-position. Each mL of Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP contains:Active: Ciprofloxacin HCl, USP 3.5 mg equivalent to 3 mg base.Preservative: Benzalkonium Chloride 0.006%.Inactives: Acetic Acid, Edetate Disodium 0.05%, Mannitol 4.6%, Sodium Acetate, Hydrochloric Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide (to adjust pH) and Water for Injection. The pH is approximately 4.5 and the osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm.
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Systemic Absorption: A systemic absorption study was performed in which Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP was administered in each eye every two hours while awake for two days followed by every four hours while awake for an additional 5 days. The maximum reported plasma concentration of ciprofloxacin was less than 5 ng/mL. The mean concentration was usually less than 2.5 ng/mL.<br/>Microbiology: Ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. The bactericidal action of ciprofloxacin results from interference with the enzyme DNA gyrase which is needed for the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Ciprofloxacin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections. . Gram-Positive:Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains)Staphylococcus epidermidisStreptococcus pneumoniaeStreptococcus (Viridans Group) Gram-Negative:Haemophilus influenzaePseudomonas aeruginosaSerratia marcescensCiprofloxacin has been shown to be active in vitro against most strains of the following organisms, however, the clinical significance of these data is unknown. Gram-Positive:Enterococcus faecalis (Many strains are only moderately susceptible)Staphylococcus haemolyticusStaphylococcus hominisStaphylococcus saprophyticusStreptococcus pyogenes<br/>Other Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis (only moderately susceptible) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (only moderately susceptible). Most strains of Pseudomonas cepacia and some strains of Pseudomonas maltophilia are resistant to ciprofloxacin as are most anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) generally does not exceed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by more than a factor of 2. Resistance to ciprofloxacin in vitro usually develops slowly (multiple-step mutation). Ciprofloxacin does not cross-react with other antimicrobial agents such as beta-lactams or aminoglycosides; therefore, organisms resistant to these drugs may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin.<br/>Clinical Studies: Following therapy with Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP, 76% of the patients with corneal ulcers and positive bacterial cultures were clinically cured and complete re-epithelialization occurred in about 92% of the ulcers. In 3 and 7 day multicenter clinical trials, 52% of the patients with conjunctivitis and positive conjunctival cultures were clinically cured and 70-80% had all causative pathogens eradicated by the end of treatment.
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A history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other component of the medication is a contraindication to its use. A history of hypersensitivity to other quinolones may also contraindicate the use of ciprofloxacin.
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As a sterile ophthalmic solution: 2.5 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL in white opaque plastic dropper bottles.<br/>STORAGE: Store at 20��to 25��C (68��to 77��F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].Protect from light.
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A topical overdose of Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP may be flushed from the eye(s) with warm tap water.
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Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Ciprofloxacin (Solution/ Drops)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
The most frequently reported drug related adverse reaction was local burning or discomfort. In corneal ulcer studies with frequent administration of the drug, white crystalline precipitates were seen in approximately 17% of patients . Other reactions occurring in less than 10% of patients included lid margin crusting, crystals/scales, foreign body sensation, itching, conjunctival hyperemia and a bad taste following instillation. Additional events occurring in less than 1% of patients included corneal staining, keratopathy/keratitis, allergic reactions, lid edema, tearing, photophobia, corneal infiltrates, nausea anddecreased vision.
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NOT FOR INJECTION INTO THE EYE. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions, some following the first dose, have been reported in patients receiving systemic quinolone therapy. Some reactions were accompanied by cardiovascular collapse, loss of consciousness, tingling, pharyngeal or facial edema, dyspnea, urticaria, and itching. Only a few patients had a history of hypersensitivity reactions. Serious anaphylactic reactions require immediate emergency treatment with epinephrine and other resuscitation measures, including oxygen, intravenous fluids, intravenous antihistamines, corticosteroids, pressor amines and airway management, as clinically indicated. Remove contact lenses before using.
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Ciprofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution, USP is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below:
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Ciprofloxacin
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