Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/908
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Famvir (Tablet, Film Coated)
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Herpes Zoster: The recommended dosage is 500 mg every 8 hours for 7 days. Therapy should be initiated promptly as soon as herpes zoster is diagnosed. No data are available on efficacy of treatment started greater than 72 hours after rash onset.<br/>Herpes Simplex Infections:<br/>Recurrent Genital Herpes: The recommended dosage is 1000 mg twice daily for 1 day. Initiate therapy at the first sign or symptom if medical management of a genital herpes recurrence is indicated. The efficacy of Famvir(famciclovir) has not been established when treatment is initiated more than 6 hours after onset of symptoms or lesions.<br/>Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes: The recommended dosage is 250 mg twice daily for up to 1 year. The safety and efficacy of Famvir therapy beyond 1 year of treatment have not been established.<br/>Recurrent Herpes Labialis (Cold Sores): The recommended dosage is 1500 mg as a single dose. Initiate therapy at the earliest sign or symptom of a cold sore (e.g. tingling, itching or burning).<br/>HIV-Infected Patients: For recurrent orolabial or genital herpes simplex infection, the recommended dosage is 500 mg twice daily for 7 days.<br/>Patients with Reduced Renal Function: In patients with reduced renal function, dosage reduction is recommended (see PRECAUTIONS, General). *Hemodialysis<br/>Administration with Food: When famciclovir was administered with food, penciclovir Cdecreased approximately 50%. Because the systemic availability of penciclovir (AUC) was not altered, it appears that Famvir may be taken without regard to meals.
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Famvir (famciclovir) contains famciclovir, an orally administered prodrug of the antiviral agent penciclovir. Chemically, famciclovir is known as 2-[2-(2-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol diacetate. Its molecular formula is CHN; its molecular weight is 321.3. It is a synthetic acyclic guanine derivative and has the following structure Famciclovir is a white to pale yellow solid. It is freely soluble in acetone and methanol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol and isopropanol. At 25��C famciclovir is freely soluble (>25% w/v) in water initially, but rapidly precipitates as the sparingly soluble (2%-3% w/v) monohydrate. Famciclovir is not hygroscopic below 85% relative humidity. Partition coefficients are: octanol/water (pH 4.8) P=1.09 and octanol/phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) P=2.08.<br/>Tablets for Oral Administration: Each white, film-coated tablet contains famciclovir. The 125-mg and 250-mg tablets are round; the 500-mg tablets are oval. Inactive ingredients consist of hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycols, sodium starch glycolate and titanium dioxide.
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Pharmacokinetics:<br/>Absorption and Bioavailability: Famciclovir is the diacetyl 6-deoxy analog of the active antiviral compound penciclovir. Following oral administration, little or no famciclovir is detected in plasma or urine. The absolute bioavailability of penciclovir is 77��8% as determined following the administration of a 500-mg famciclovir oral dose and a 400-mg penciclovir intravenous dose to 12 healthy male subjects. Penciclovir concentrations increased in proportion to dose over a famciclovir dose range of 125 mg to 1000 mg administered as a single dose. Single oral-dose administration of 125-mg, 250-mg, 500-mg, or 1000-mg famciclovir to healthy male volunteers across 17 studies gave the following pharmacokinetic parameters: AUC (0-inf) (mcg hr/mL)=area under the plasma concentration-time profile extrapolated to infinity. C(mcg/mL)=maximum observed plasma concentration. T(h)= time to C. Following oral single-dose administration of 500-mg famciclovir to seven patients with herpes zoster, the mean��SD AUC, C, and Twere 12.1��1.7 mcg hr/mL, 4.0��0.7 mcg/mL, and 0.7��0.2 hours, respectively. The AUC of penciclovir was approximately 35% greater in patients with herpes zoster as compared to healthy volunteers. Some of this difference may be due to differences in renal function between the two groups. There is no accumulation of penciclovir after the administration of 500-mg famciclovir t.i.d. for 7 days. Penciclovir Cdecreased approximately 50% and Twas delayed by 1.5 hours when a capsule formulation of famciclovir was administered with food (nutritional content was approximately 910 Kcal and 26% fat). There was no effect on the extent of availability (AUC) of penciclovir. There was an 18% decrease in Cand a delay in Tof about 1 hour when famciclovir was given 2 hours after a meal as compared to its administration 2 hours before a meal. Because there was no effect on the extent of systemic availability of penciclovir, it appears that Famvir (famciclovir) can be taken without regard to meals.<br/>Distribution: The volume of distribution (Vd) was 1.08��0.17 L/kg in 12 healthy male subjects following a single intravenous dose of penciclovir at 400 mg administered as a 1-hour intravenous infusion. Penciclovir is<20% bound to plasma proteins over the concentration range of 0.1 to 20 mcg/mL. The blood/plasma ratio of penciclovir is approximately 1.<br/>Metabolism: Following oral administration, famciclovir is deacetylated and oxidized to form penciclovir. Metabolites that are inactive include 6-deoxy penciclovir, monoacetylated penciclovir, and 6-deoxy monoacetylated penciclovir (5%,<0.5% and<0.5% of the dose in the urine, respectively). Little or no famciclovir is detected in plasma or urine. An in vitro study using human liver microsomes demonstrated that cytochrome P450 does not play an important role in famciclovir metabolism. The conversion of 6-deoxy penciclovir to penciclovir is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase.<br/>Elimination: Approximately 94% of administered radioactivity was recovered in urine over 24 hours (83% of the dose was excreted in the first 6 hours) after the administration of 5 mg/kg radiolabeled penciclovir as a 1-hour infusion to three healthy male volunteers. Penciclovir accounted for 91% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine. Following the oral administration of a single 500-mg dose of radiolabeled famciclovir to three healthy male volunteers, 73% and 27% of administered radioactivity were recovered in urine and feces over 72 hours, respectively. Penciclovir accounted for 82% and 6-deoxy penciclovir accounted for 7% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine. Approximately 60% of the administered radiolabeled dose was collected in urine in the first 6 hours. After intravenous administration of penciclovir in 48 healthy male volunteers, mean��S.D. total plasma clearance of penciclovir was 36.6��6.3 L/hr (0.48��0.09 L/hr/kg). Penciclovir renal clearance accounted for 74.5��8.8% of total plasma clearance. Renal clearance of penciclovir following the oral administration of a single 500-mg dose of famciclovir to 109 healthy male volunteers was 27.7��7.6 L/hr. The plasma elimination half-life of penciclovir was 2.0��0.3 hours after intravenous administration of penciclovir to 48 healthy male volunteers and 2.3��0.4 hours after oral administration of 500-mg famciclovir to 124 healthy male volunteers. The half-life in 17 patients with herpes zoster was 2.8��1.0 hours and 2.7��1.0 hours after single and repeated doses, respectively.<br/>HIV-Infected Patients: Following oral administration of a single dose of 500-mg famciclovir (the oral prodrug of penciclovir) to HIV-positive patients, the pharmacokinetic parameters of penciclovir were comparable to those observed in healthy subjects.<br/>Renal Insufficiency: Apparent plasma clearance, renal clearance, and the plasma-elimination rate constant of penciclovir decreased linearly with reductions in renal function. After the administration of a single 500-mg famciclovir oral dose (n=27) to healthy volunteers and to volunteers with varying degrees of renal insufficiency (CLranged from 6.4 to 138.8 mL/min.), the following results were obtained (Table 3): CLis measured creatinine clearance. n=4. CL/F consists of bioavailability factor and famciclovir to penciclovir conversion factor. In a multiple-dose study of famciclovir conducted in subjects with varying degrees of renal impairment (n=18), the pharmacokinetics of penciclovir were comparable to those after single doses. A dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with renal insufficiency (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).<br/>Hepatic Insufficiency: Well-compensated chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis [n=6], chronic ethanol abuse [n=8], or primary biliary cirrhosis [n=1]) had no effect on the extent of availability (AUC) of penciclovir following a single dose of 500-mg famciclovir. However, there was a 44% decrease in penciclovir mean maximum plasma concentration and the time to maximum plasma concentration was increased by 0.75 hours in patients with hepatic insufficiency compared to normal volunteers. No dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with well-compensated hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of penciclovir have not been evaluated in patients with severe uncompensated hepatic impairment.<br/>Elderly Subjects: Based on cross-study comparisons, mean penciclovir AUC was 40% larger and penciclovir renal clearance was 22% lower after the oral administration of famciclovir in elderly volunteers (n=18, age 65 to 79 years) compared to younger volunteers. Some of this difference may be due to differences in renal function between the two groups. No famciclovir dosage adjustment based on age is recommended unless renal function is impaired (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).<br/>Gender: The pharmacokinetics of penciclovir were evaluated in 18 healthy male and 18 healthy female volunteers after single-dose oral administration of 500-mg famciclovir. AUC of penciclovir was 9.3��1.9 mcg hr/mL and 11.1��2.1 mcg hr/mL in males and females, respectively. Penciclovir renal clearance was 28.5��8.9 L/hr and 21.8��4.3 L/hr, respectively. These differences were attributed to differences in renal function between the two groups. No famciclovir dosage adjustment based on gender is recommended.<br/>Pediatric Patients: The pharmacokinetics of famciclovir or penciclovir have not been evaluated in patients<18 years of age.<br/>Race: The pharmacokinetics of famciclovir or penciclovir with respect to race have not been evaluated.<br/>Drug Interactions:<br/>Effects on Penciclovir: No clinically significant alterations in penciclovir pharmacokinetics were observed following single-dose administration of 500-mg famciclovir after pre-treatment with multiple doses of allopurinol, cimetidine, theophylline, zidovudine, or promethazine, when given shortly after an antacid (magnesium and aluminium hydroxide), or concomitantly with emtricitabine. No clinically significant effect on penciclovir pharmacokinetics was observed following multiple-dose (t.i.d.) administration of famciclovir (500 mg) with multiple doses of digoxin. Clinical interaction studies of famciclovir with cimetidine and promethazine, in vitro inhibitors of aldehyde oxidase, did not show relevant effects on the formation of penciclovir. However, raloxifene, the most potent aldehyde oxidase inhibitor observed in vitro, could affect the formation of penciclovir.<br/>Effects of Famciclovir on Co-administered Drugs: The steady-state pharmacokinetics of digoxin were not altered by concomitant administration of multiple doses of famciclovir (500 mg t.i.d.). No clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine, its metabolite zidovudine glucuronide or emtricitabine was observed following a single oral dose of 500-mg famciclovir co-administered with zidovudine or emtricitabine. Evidence from preclinical studies has shown no potential for induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and inhibition of CYP3A4.
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Famvir (famciclovir) is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the product, its components, and Denavir (penciclovir cream).
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Famvir (famciclovir) is supplied as film-coated tablets as follows: 125 mg in bottles of 30; 250 mg in bottles of 30; and 500 mg in bottles of 30 and Single Unit Packages of 50 (intended for institutional use only). Famvir 125 mg tablet: White, round film-coated, biconvex, beveled edges, debossed with���FAMVIR���on one side and���125���on the other. 125 mg 30's������������������������������������������������������������������...������NDC 0078-0366-15 Famvir 250 mg tablet: White, round film-coated, biconvex, beveled edges, debossed with���FAMVIR���on one side and���250���on the other. 250 mg 30's������������������������������������������������������������������������...NDC 0078-0367-15 Famvir 500 mg tablet: White, oval film-coated, biconvex, debossed with���FAMVIR���on one side and���500���on the other. 500 mg 30's���������������������������������������������������������������������.......NDC 0078-0368-15 500 mg SUP 50's������������������������������������������������������������������...NDC 0078-0368-64 Store at 25��C (77��F); excursions permitted to 15-30��C (59-86��F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. REV: DECEMBER 2007 Distributed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. East Hanover, NJ 07936 ��Novartis
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General: The efficacy of Famvir (famciclovir) has not been established for initial episode genital herpes infection, ophthalmic zoster, disseminated zoster or in immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster. Dosage adjustment is recommended when administering Famvir to patients with creatinine clearance values<60 mL/min. (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). In patients with underlying renal disease who have received inappropriately high doses of Famvir for their level of renal function, acute renal failure has been reported. Famvir 125 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg tablets contain lactose (26.9 mg, 53.7 mg and 107.4 mg, respectively). Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, a severe lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take Famvir 125 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg tablets.<br/>Information for Patients: Patients should be informed that Famvir is not a cure for genital herpes. There are no data evaluating whether Famvir will prevent transmission of infection to others. As genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease, patients should avoid contact with lesions or intercourse when lesions and/or symptoms are present to avoid infecting partners. Genital herpes can also be transmitted in the absence of symptoms through asymptomatic viral shedding. If medical management of recurrent episodes is indicated, patients should be advised to initiate therapy at the first sign or symptom. There is no evidence that Famvir will affect the ability of a patient to drive or to use machines. However, patients who experience dizziness, somnolence, confusion or other central nervous system disturbances while taking Famvir should refrain from driving or operating machinery.<br/>Drug Interactions: Concurrent use with probenecid or other drugs significantly eliminated by active renal tubular secretion may result in increased plasma concentrations of penciclovir. The conversion of 6-deoxy penciclovir to penciclovir is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase. Interactions with other drugs metabolized by this enzyme and/or inhibiting this enzyme could potentially occur.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Famciclovir was administered orally unless otherwise stated.<br/>Carcinogenesis: Two-year dietary carcinogenicity studies with famciclovir were conducted in rats and mice. An increase in the incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma (a common tumor in animals of this strain) was seen in female rats receiving the high dose of 600 mg/kg/day (1.1 to 4.5x the human systemic exposure at the recommended total daily oral dose ranging between 2000 mg and 500 mg, based on area under the plasma concentration curve comparisons [24 hr AUC] for penciclovir). No increases in tumor incidence were reported in male rats treated at doses up to 240 mg/kg/day (0.7 to 2.7x the human AUC), or in male and female mice at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day (0.3 to 1.2x the human AUC).<br/>Mutagenesis: Famciclovir and penciclovir (the active metabolite of famciclovir) were tested for genotoxic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. Famciclovir and penciclovir were negative in in vitro tests for gene mutations in bacteria (S. typhimurium and E. coli) and unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian HeLa 83 cells (at doses up to 10,000 and 5,000 mcg/plate, respectively). Famciclovir was also negative in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay (5000 mcg/mL), the in vivo mouse micronucleus test(4800 mg/kg), and rat dominant lethal study (5000 mg/kg). Famciclovir induced increases in polyploidy in human lymphocytes in vitro in the absence of chromosomal damage (1200 mcg/mL). Penciclovir was positive in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay for gene mutation/chromosomal aberrations, with and without metabolic activation (1000 mcg/mL). In human lymphocytes, penciclovir caused chromosomal aberrations in the absence of metabolic activation (250 mcg/mL). Penciclovir caused an increased incidence of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow in vivo when administered intravenously at doses highly toxic to bone marrow (500 mg/kg), but not when administered orally.<br/>Impairment of Fertility: Testicular toxicity was observed in rats, mice, and dogs following repeated administration of famciclovir or penciclovir. Testicular changes included atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, reduction in sperm count, and/or increased incidence of sperm with abnormal morphology or reduced motility. The degree of toxicity to male reproduction was related to dose and duration of exposure. In male rats, decreased fertility was observed after 10 weeks of dosing at 500 mg/kg/day (1.4 to 5.7x the human AUC). The no observable effect level for sperm and testicular toxicity in rats following chronic administration (26 weeks) was 50 mg/kg/day (0.15 to 0.6x the human systemic exposure based on AUC comparisons). Testicular toxicity was observed following chronic administration to mice (104 weeks) and dogs (26 weeks) at doses of 600 mg/kg/day (0.3 to 1.2x the human AUC) and 150 mg/kg/day (1.3 to 5.1x the human AUC), respectively. Famciclovir had no effect on general reproductive performance or fertility in female rats at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (2.7 to 10.8x the human AUC). Two placebo-controlled studies in a total of 130 otherwise healthy men with a normal sperm profile over an 8-week baseline period and recurrent genital herpes receiving oral Famvir (250 mg b.i.d.) (n=66) or placebo (n=64) therapy for 18 weeks showed no evidence of significant effects on sperm count, motility or morphology during treatment or during an 8-week follow-up.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic Effects���Pregnancy Category B: Famciclovir was tested for effects on embryo-fetal development in rats and rabbits at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.7 to 10.8x and 1.4 to 5.4x the human systemic exposure to penciclovir based on AUC comparisons for the rat and rabbit, respectively) and intravenous doses of 360 mg/kg/day in rats (1.5 to 6x the human dose based on body surface area [BSA] comparisons) or 120 mg/kg/day in rabbits (1.1 to 4.5x the human dose [BSA]). No adverse effects were observed on embryo-fetal development. Similarly, no adverse effects were observed following intravenous administration of penciclovir to rats (80 mg/kg/day, 0.3 to 1.3x the human dose [BSA]) or rabbits (60 mg/kg/day, 0.5 to 2.1x the human dose [BSA]). There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, famciclovir should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit to the patient clearly exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.<br/>Pregnancy Exposure Registry: To monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant women exposed to Famvir, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation maintains a Famvir Pregnancy Registry. Physicians are encouraged to register their patients by calling (888) 669-6682.<br/>Nursing Mothers: Following oral administration of famciclovir to lactating rats, penciclovir was excreted in breast milk at concentrations higher than those seen in the plasma. It is not known whether it is excreted in human milk. There are no data on the safety of Famvir in infants. Famciclovir should not be used in nursing mothers unless the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks associated with treatment.<br/>Usage in Children: Safety and efficacy in children under the age of 18 years have not been established.<br/>Geriatric Use: Of 816 patients with herpes zoster in clinical studies who were treated with Famvir, 248 (30.4%) were���65 years of age and 103 (13%) were���75 years of age. No overall differences were observed in the incidence or types of adverse events between younger and older patients. Of 610 patients with recurrent herpes simplex (type 1 or type 2) in clinical studies who were treated with Famvir, 26 (4.3%) were>65 years of age and 7 (1.1%) were>75 years of age. Clinical studies of Famvir did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, appropriate caution should be exercised in the administration and monitoring of Famvir in elderly patients reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
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Appropriate symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given. Penciclovir is removed by hemodialysis (see PRECAUTIONS, General).
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famciclovir
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Famvir (Tablet, Film Coated)
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Immunocompetent Patients: The safety of Famvir (famciclovir) has been evaluated in clinical studies involving 816 Famvir-treated patients with herpes zoster (Famvir, 250 mg t.i.d. to 750 mg t.i.d.); 163 Famvir-treated patients with recurrent genital herpes (Famvir, 1000 mg b.i.d.); 1,197 patients with recurrent genital herpes treated with Famvir as suppressive therapy (125 mg q.d. to 250 mg t.i.d.) of which 570 patients received Famvir (open-labeled and/or double-blind) for at least10 months; and 447 Famvir-treated patients with herpes labialis (Famvir, 1500 mg once or 750 mg b.i.d.). Table 5 lists selected adverse events. *Patients may have entered into more than one clinical trial. 7 days of treatment 1 day of treatment daily treatment Table 6 lists selected laboratory abnormalities in genital herpes suppression trials. *Percentage of patients with laboratory abnormalities that were increased or decreased from baseline and were outside of specified ranges. n values represent the minimum number of patients assessed for each laboratory parameter. NRH = Normal Range High. NRL = Normal Range Low.<br/>HIV-Infected Patients: In HIV-infected patients, the most frequently reported adverse events for famciclovir (500 mg twice daily; n=150) and acyclovir (400 mg, 5x/day; n=143), respectively, were headache (16.7% vs. 15.4%), nausea (10.7% vs. 12.6%), diarrhea (6.7% vs. 10.5%), vomiting (4.7% vs. 3.5%), fatigue (4.0% vs. 2.1%), and abdominal pain (3.3% vs. 5.6%).<br/>Post Marketing Experience: The following adverse events have been reported during post-approval use of Famvir: urticaria, serious skin reactions (e.g. erythema multiforme,Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis), cholestatic jaundice, abnormal liver function tests, thrombocytopenia, hallucinations, dizziness, somnolence and confusion (including delirium, disorientation, confusional state, occurring predominantly in the elderly). Because these adverse events are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made.
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Herpes Zoster: Famvir (famciclovir) is indicated for the treatment of acute herpes zoster (shingles).<br/>Herpes Simplex Infections: Famvir is indicated for:
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Famvir
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