Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/741
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Loprox (Gel)
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Superficial Dermatophyte Infections: Gently massage LOPROX Gel into the affected areas and surrounding skin twice daily, in the morning and evening immediately after cleaning or washing the areas to be treated. Interdigital tinea pedis and tinea corporis should be treated for 4 weeks. If a patient shows no clinical improvement after 4 weeks of treatment, the diagnosis should be reviewed.<br/>Seborrheic Dermatitis of the Scalp: Apply LOPROX Gel to affected scalp areas twice daily, in the morning and evening for 4 weeks. Clinical improvement usually occurs within the first week with continuing resolution of signs and symptoms through the fourth week of treatment. If a patient shows no clinical improvement after 4 weeks of treatment, the diagnosis should be reviewed.
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LOPROX Gel (ciclopirox) 0.77% contains a synthetic antifungal agent, ciclopirox. It is intended for topical dermatologic use only. Each gram of LOPROX Gel contains 7.70 mg of ciclopirox in a gel consisting of Purified Water USP, Isopropyl Alcohol USP, Octyldodecanol NF, Dimethicone Copolyol 190, Carbomer 980, Sodium Hydroxide NF, and Docusate Sodium USP. LOPROX Gel is a white, slightly fluid gel. The chemical name for ciclopirox is 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone, with the empirical formula CHNOand a molecular weight of 207.27. The CAS Registry Number is [29342-05-0]. The chemical structure is:
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Mechanism of Action: Ciclopirox acts by chelation of polyvalent cations (Feor Al) resulting in the inhibition of the metal-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the degradation of peroxides within the fungal cell. In vitro studies showed that ciclopirox inhibited the formation of 5-lipoxygenase inflammatory mediators (5-HETE and LTB) and also inhibited PGErelease in a cell culture model. In vivo, ciclopirox inhibited inflammation in an arachidonic acid-induced murine ear edema model. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown.<br/>Pharmacokinetics: A comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of LOPROX Gel, and LOPROX Cream (ciclopirox olamine) 0.77% in 18 healthy males indicated that systemic absorption of ciclopirox from LOPROX Gel was higher than that of LOPROX Cream. A 5 gm dose of LOPROX Gel produced a mean (��SD) peak serum concentration of 25.02 (��20.6) ng/mL total ciclopirox and 5 gm of LOPROX Cream produced 18.62 (��13.56) ng/mL total ciclopirox. Approximately 3% of the applied ciclopirox was excreted in the urine within 48 hours after application, with a renal elimination half-life of about 5.5 hours. In a study of LOPROX Gel, 16 men with moderate to severe tinea cruris applied approximately 15 grams/day of the gel for 14.5 days. The mean (��SD) dose-normalized values of Cfor total ciclopirox in serum were 100 (��42) ng/mL on Day 1 and 238 (��144) ng/mL on Day 15. During the 10 hours after dosing on Day 1, approximately 10% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine.<br/>Microbiology: Ciclopirox is a hydroxypyridinone antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of pathogenic dermatophytes. Ciclopirox has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum.
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LOPROX Gel is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components.
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LOPROX Gel (ciclopirox) 0.77% is supplied in 30 g tubes (NDC 99207-013-30), 45 g tubes (NDC 99207-013-45), and 100 g tubes (NDC 99207-013-01). Store at 15�����30��C (59�����86��F).
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If a reaction suggesting sensitivity or chemical irritation should occur with the use of LOPROX Gel, treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. A transient burning sensation may occur, especially after application to sensitive areas. Avoid contact with eyes. Efficacy of LOPROX Gel in immunosuppressed individuals has not been studied. Seborrheic dermatitis in association with acne, atopic dermatitis, Parkinsonism, psoriasis and rosacea has not been studied with LOPROX Gel. Efficacy in the treatment of plantar and vesicular types of tinea pedis has not been established.<br/>Information for Patients: The patient should be told the following:<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: A carcinogenicity study of ciclopirox (1% and 5% solutions in polyethylene glycol 400) in female mice dosed cutaneously twice per week for 50 weeks followed by a 6-month drug-free observation period prior to necropsy revealed no evidence of tumors at the application site. The following battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests was conducted with ciclopirox: evaluation of gene mutation in the Ames Salmonella and E. coli assays (negative); chromosome aberration assays in V79 Chinese hamster cells, with and without metabolic activation (positive); gene mutation assays in the HGPRT-test with V79 Chinese hamster cells (negative); and a primary DNA damage assay (i.e., unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in A549 human cells) (negative). An in vitro cell transformation assay in BALB/c 3T3 cells was negative for cell transformation. In an in vivo Chinese hamster bone marrow cytogenetic assay, ciclopirox was negative for chromosome aberrations at 5000 mg/kg.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic effects:<br/>Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Since many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when LOPROX Gel is administered to a nursing woman.<br/>Pediatric Use: The efficacy and safety of LOPROX Gel in pediatric patients below the age of 16 years have not been established.
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ciclopirox
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Loprox (Gel)
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In clinical trials, 140 (39%) of 359 subjects treated with LOPROX Gel reported adverse experiences, irrespective of relationship to test materials, which resulted in 8 subjects discontinuing treatment. The most frequent experience reported was skin burning sensation upon application, which occurred in approximately 34% of seborrheic dermatitis patients and 7% of tinea pedis patients. Adverse experiences occurring between 1% to 5% were contact dermatitis and pruritus. Other reactions that occurred in less than 1% included dry skin, acne, rash, alopecia, pain upon application, eye pain, and facial edema.
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LOPROX Gel is not for ophthalmic, oral, or intravaginal use. Keep out of reach of children.
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Superficial Dermatophyte Infections: LOPROX Gel is indicated for the topical treatment of interdigital tinea pedis and tinea corporis due to Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.<br/>Seborrheic Dermatitis: LOPROX Gel is indicated for the topical treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp.
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Loprox
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