Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/548
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| dailymed-drugs:548 | rdf:type | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | rdf:type | dailymed-instance:drugs | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | rdfs:label | Buspirone Hydrochloride (Tablet) | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:dosage | The recommended initial dose is 15 mg daily (7.5 mg b.i.d.). To achieve an optimal therapeutic response, at intervals of 2 to 3 days the dosage may be increased 5 mg per day, as needed. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 60 mg per day. In clinical trials allowing dose titration, divided doses of 20 to 30 mg per day were commonly employed. The bioavailability of buspirone is increased when given with food as compared to the fasted state . Consequently, patients should take buspirone in a consistent manner with regard to the timing of dosing; either always with or always without food. When buspirone is to be given with a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 the dosage recommendations described in the PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions section should be followed. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:clinicalP... | The mechanism of action of buspirone is unknown. Buspirone differs from typical benzodiazepine anxiolytics in that it does not exert anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant effects. It also lacks the prominent sedative effect that is associated with more typical anxiolytics. In vitro preclinical studies have shown that buspirone has a high affinity for serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Buspirone has no significant affinity for benzodiazepine receptors and does not affect GABA binding in vitro or in vivo when tested in preclinical models. Buspirone has moderate affinity for brain D-dopamine receptors. Some studies do suggest that buspirone may have indirect effects on other neurotransmitter systems. Buspirone is rapidly absorbed in man and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. In a radiolabeled study, unchanged buspirone in the plasma accounted for only about 1% of the radioactivity in the plasma. Following oral administration, plasma concentrations of unchanged buspirone are very low and variable between subjects. Peak plasma levels of 1 to 6 ng/mL have been observed 40 to 90 minutes after single oral doses of 20 mg. The single-dose bioavailability of unchanged buspirone when taken as a tablet is on the average about 90% of an equivalent dose of solution, but there is large variability. The effects of food upon the bioavailability of buspirone have been studied in eight subjects. They were given a 20-mg dose with and without food; the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration (C) of unchanged buspirone increased by 84% and 116% respectively, but the total amount of buspirone immunoreactive material did not change. This suggests that food may decrease the extent of presystemic clearance of buspirone, . A multiple-dose study conducted in 15 subjects suggests that buspirone has nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Thus, dose increases and repeated dosing may lead to somewhat higher blood levels of unchanged buspirone than would be predicted from results of single-dose studies. An in vitro protein binding study indicated that approximately 86% of buspirone is bound to plasma proteins. It was also observed that aspirin increased the plasma levels of free buspirone by 23%, while flurazepam decreased the plasma levels of free buspirone by 20%. However, it is not known whether these drugs cause similar effects on plasma levels of free buspirone in vivo, or whether such changes, if they do occur, cause clinically significant differences in treatment outcome. An in vitro study indicated that buspirone did not displace highly protein-bound drugs such as phenytoin, warfarin, and propranolol from plasma protein, and that buspirone may displace digoxin. Buspirone is metabolized primarily by oxidation, which in vitro has been shown to be mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Several hydroxylated derivatives and a pharmacologically active metabolite, 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP), are produced. In animal models predictive of anxiolytic potential, 1-PP has about one quarter of the activity of buspirone, but is present in up to 20-fold greater amounts. However, this is probably not important in humans; blood samples from humans chronically exposed to buspirone do not exhibit high levels of 1-PP; mean values are approximately 3 ng/mL and the highest human blood level recorded among 108 chronically dosed patients was 17 ng/mL, less than 1/200th of 1-PP levels found in animals given large doses of buspirone without signs of toxicity. In a single-dose study usingC-labeled buspirone, 29% to 63% of the dose was excreted in the urine within 24 hours, primarily as metabolites; fecal excretion accounted for 18% to 38% of the dose. The average elimination half-life of unchanged buspirone after single doses of 10 to 40 mg is about 2 to 3 hours.<br/>Special Populations: Age and Gender Effects After single or multiple doses in adults, no significant differences in buspirone pharmacokinetics (AUC and C) were observed between elderly and younger subjects or between men and women. Hepatic Impairment After multiple-dose administration of buspirone to patients with hepatic impairment, steady-state AUC of buspirone increased 13-fold compared with healthy subjects . Renal Impairment After multiple-dose administration of buspirone to renally impaired (Cl=10-70 mL/min/1.73 m) patients, steady-state AUC of buspirone increased 4-fold compared with healthy (Cl���80 mL/min/1.73 m) subjects . Race Effects The effects of race on the pharmacokinetics of buspirone have not been studied. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:activeIng... | dailymed-ingredient:buspiro... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:supply | Buspirone Hydrochloride Tablets, USP. 5 mg and 10 mg tablets are available in bottles of 100 and 500. The 5 mg tablet is yellow, oval shaped, debossed "ETHEX" and "264" on one side, and debossed "5", bisect, "mg" on the other side. The 10 mg tablets are yellow, oval shaped, debossed "ETHEX" and "265" on one side, and debossed "10", bisect, "mg" on the other side. 5 mg tablets NDC 58177-264-04 Bottles of 100NDC 58177-264-08 Bottles of 500 10 mg tablets NDC 58177-265-04 Bottles of 100NDC 58177-265-08 Bottles of 500 15 mg tablets yellow, capsule shaped in a bi/trisegmented tablet design, are available in bottles of 100 and 500. The 15 mg tablet is scored so that it can be either bisected or trisected. It is debossed " ETH", bisect, "309" on one side and on the reverse side, the number 5 is debossed on each trisect segment. 15 mg tablets NDC 58177-309-04 Bottles of 100NDC 58177-309-08 Bottles of 500 Store at controlled room temperature, 15-30��C (59-86��F). Protect from temperatures greater than 86��F (30��C). Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container (USP). | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | dailymed-ingredient:buspiro... | lld:dailymed |
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| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:microcr... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:sodium_... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:lactose... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:colloid... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:alumina... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:D&C_yel... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:genericMe... | Buspirone Hydrochloride | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:fullName | Buspirone Hydrochloride (Tablet) | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:adverseRe... | Commonly Observed: The more commonly observed untoward events associated with the use of buspirone not seen at an equivalent incidence among placebo-treated patients include dizziness, nausea, headache, nervousness, lightheadedness, and excitement.<br/>Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment: One guide to the relative clinical importance of adverse events associated with buspirone is provided by the frequency with which they caused drug discontinuation during clinical testing. Approximately 10% of the 2200 anxious patients who participated in the buspirone premarketing clinical efficacy trials in anxiety disorders lasting 3 to 4 weeks discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. The more common events causing discontinuation included: central nervous disturbances (3.4%), primarily dizziness, insomnia, nervousness, drowsiness, and lightheaded feeling; gastrointestinal disturbances (1.2%), primarily nausea; and miscellaneous disturbances (1.1%), primarily headache and fatigue. In addition, 3.4% of patients had multiple complaints, none of which could be characterized as primary.<br/>Incidence in Controlled Clinical Trials: The table that follows enumerates adverse events that occurred at a frequency of 1% or more among buspirone patients who participated in 4-week, controlled trials comparing buspirone with placebo. The frequencies were obtained from pooled data for 17 trials. The prescriber should be aware that these figures cannot be used to predict the incidence of side effects in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those which prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, and investigators. Comparison of the cited figures, however, does provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and nondrug factors to the side-effect incidence rate in the population studied.<br/>Other Events Observed During the Entire Premarketing Evaluation of Buspirone: During its premarketing assessment, buspirone was evaluated in over 3500 subjects. This section reports event frequencies for adverse events occurring in approximately 3000 subjects from this group who took multiple doses of buspirone in the dose range for which buspirone is being recommended (i.e., the modal daily dose of buspirone fell between 10 and 30 mg for 70% of the patients studied) and for whom safety data were systematically collected. The conditions and duration of exposure to buspirone varied greatly, involving well-controlled studies as well as experience in open and uncontrolled clinical settings. As part of the total experience gained in clinical studies, various adverse events were reported. In the absence of appropriate controls in some of the studies, a causal relationship to buspirone treatment cannot be determined. The list includes all undesirable events reasonably associated with the use of the drug. The following enumeration by organ system describes events in terms of their relative frequency of reporting in this data base. Events of major clinical importance are also described in the PRECAUTIONS section. The following definitions of frequency are used: Frequent adverse events are defined as those occurring in at least 1/100 patients. Infrequent adverse events are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients, while rare events are those occurring in less than 1/1000 patients. Cardiovascular Frequent was nonspecific chest pain; infrequent were syncope, hypotension, and hypertension; rare were cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and bradycardia. Central Nervous System Frequent were dream disturbances; infrequent were depersonalization, dysphoria, noise intolerance, euphoria, akathisia, fearfulness, loss of interest, dissociative reaction, hallucinations, involuntary movements, slowed reaction time, suicidal ideation, and seizures; rare were feelings of claustrophobia, cold intolerance, stupor, and slurred speech and psychosis. EENT Frequent were tinnitus, sore throat, and nasal congestion; infrequent were redness and itching of the eyes, altered taste, altered smell, and conjunctivitis; rare were inner ear abnormality, eye pain, photophobia, and pressure on eyes. Endocrine Rare were galactorrhea and thyroid abnormality. Gastrointestinal Infrequent were flatulence, anorexia, increased appetite, salivation, irritable colon, and rectal bleeding; rare was burning of the tongue. Genitourinary Infrequent were urinary frequency, urinary hesitancy, menstrual irregularity and spotting, and dysuria; rare were amenorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, enuresis, and nocturia. Musculoskeletal Infrequent were muscle cramps, muscle spasms, rigid/stiff muscles, and arthralgias; rare was muscle weakness. Respiratory Infrequent were hyperventilation, shortness of breath, and chest congestion; rare was epistaxis. Sexual Function Infrequent were decreased or increased libido; rare were delayed ejaculation and impotence. Skin Infrequent were edema, pruritus, flushing, easy bruising, hair loss, dry skin, facial edema, and blisters; rare were acne and thinning of nails. Clinical Laboratory Infrequent were increases in hepatic aminotransferases (SGOT, SGPT); rare were eosinophilia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Miscellaneous Infrequent were weight gain, fever, roaring sensation in the head, weight loss and malaise; rare were alcohol abuse, bleeding disturbance, loss of voice, and hiccoughs. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:indicatio... | Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The efficacy of buspirone has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with an average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, IIIas follows: Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories: The above symptoms would not be due to another mental disorder, such as a depressive disorder or schizophrenia. However, mild depressive symptoms are common in GAD. The effectiveness of buspirone in long-term use, that is, for more than 3 to 4 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. There is no body of evidence available that systematically addresses the appropriate duration of treatment for GAD. However, in a study of long-term use, 264 patients were treated with buspirone for 1 year without ill effect. Therefore, the physician who elects to use buspirone for extended periods should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:represent... | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:548 | dailymed-instance:name | Buspirone Hydrochloride | lld:dailymed |
| http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | dailymed-instance:producesD... | dailymed-drugs:548 | lld:dailymed |