Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/49
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| rdf:type | |
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Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:dosage |
Following suitable
admixture of prescribed drugs, the dosage is usually dependent upon age,
weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory
determinations. See directions accompanying drugs. Parenteral drug
products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and
discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container
permit. Do not administer
unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Use of a final
filter is recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions
where possible. 50% and 70%
Dextrose Injection, USP in the Pharmacy Bulk Package is intended for use
in the preparation of sterile, intravenous admixtures. Additives may be
incompatible with the fluid withdrawn from this container. Complete
information is not available. Those additives known to be incompatible
should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When
compounding admixtures, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly. Do not
store any unused portion of the 50% and 70% Dextrose Injection,
USP.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP are sterile, nonpyrogenic hypertonic solutions for fluid replenishment and caloric supply in Pharmacy Bulk Package. A Pharmacy
Bulk Package is a container of sterile preparation for parenteral use
that contains many single doses. The contents are intended for use in a
pharmacy admixture program and are restricted to the preparation of
admixtures for intravenous infusion. They contain no antimicrobial
agents. Composition, osmolarity, pH, and caloric content are shown
below. The VIAFLEX plastic
container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl choloride
(PL 146 Plastic). Exposure to
temperatures above 25��C/77��F during transport and storage will lead to
minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater
losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically
significant changes within the expiration period. The amount of water
that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is
insufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in
contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical
components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g.,
di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million. However,
the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals
according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as
tissue culture toxicity studies.
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| dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP have value as a source of water and calories. They are
capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the
patient.
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| dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
| dailymed-instance:contraind... |
The infusion of
hypertonic dextrose injections is contraindicated in patients having
intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage, in patients who are severely
dehydrated, in patients who are anuric, and in patients in hepatic coma. Solutions
containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known
allergy to corn or corn products.
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| dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
| dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
| dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Administration of
hypertonic dextrose and amino acid solutions via central venous catheter
may be associated with complications which can be prevented or minimized
by careful attention to all aspects of the procedure. This includes
attention to solution preparation, administration and patient
monitoring. It is essential that carefully prepared
protocol, based upon current medical practice, be followed,
preferably by an experienced team. The package insert
of the protein (nitrogen) source should be consulted for dosage and all
precautionary information. Clinical evaluation
and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes
in fluid balance, electrolyte concentration, and acid base balance
during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the conditions of the
patient warrants such evaluation. Care should be
taken to avoid circulatory overload, particularly in patients with
cardiac insufficiency. Caution must be
exercised in the administration of these injections to patients
receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin. These injections
should be used with caution in patients with overt or subclinical
diabetes mellitus. Drug product
contains no more than 25��g//L of aluminum.<br/>Carcinogenesis and
Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility: Studies
with 50% and 70% Dextrose Injection, USP have not been performed
to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or
effects on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic
Effects:<br/>Nursing Mothers: Caution
should be exercised when 50% and 70% Dextrose Injection, USP is
administered to a nursing woman<br/>Pediatric Use: Dextrose is
safe and effective for the stated indications in pediatric
patients (see INDICATIONS
AND USAGE). As reported in the literature, the
dosage selection and constant infusion rate of intravenous
dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients,
particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of
the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Frequent
monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required when
dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly
neonates and low birth weight infants. Because of their
hypertonicity, 50% and 70% Dextrose Injections mustbe diluted
prior to administration.
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| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose monohydrate
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Too rapid infusion
of a hypertonic dextrose solution may result in diuresis, hyperglycemia,
glycosuria, and hyperosmolar coma. Continual clinical monitoring of the
patient is necessary in order to identify and initiate measures for
these clinical conditions. Reactions which may
occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include
febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and
hypervolemia. If an adverse
reaction does occur discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the
remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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| dailymed-instance:warning |
These injections are for compounding only, not
for direct infusion. Dilute before use
to a concentration which will, when administered with an amino acid
(nitrogen) source, result in an appropriate calorie to gram of nitrogen
ratio and which has an osmolarity consistent with the route of
administration. Unless
appropriately diluted, the infusion of hypertonic dextrose injection
into a peripheral vein may result in vein irritation, vein damage, and
thrombosis. Strongly hypertonic nutrient solutions should only be
administered through an indwelling intravenous catheter with the tip
located in a large central vein such as the superior vena cava. In very low birth
weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose injection
may result in increased serum osmolality and possible intracerebral
hemorrhage. WARNING: This
product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is
impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their
kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and
phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research indicates
that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature
neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to
5��g/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central
nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower
rates of administration. Administration by central venous catheter
should be used only by those familiar with this technique and its
complications.
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| dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP are indicated as a caloric component in a parenteral
nutrition regimen. They are used with an appropriate protein (nitrogen)
source in the prevention of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of
negative nitrogen balance in patients where: (1) the alimentary tract
cannot or should not be used, (2) gastrointestinal absorption of protein
is impaired, or (3) metabolic requirements for protein are substantially
increased, as with extensive burns
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| dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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