Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/4269
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Clobetasol Propionate (Ointment)
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Apply a thin layer of clobetasol propionate ointment to the affected skin areas twice daily and rub in gently and completely. Clobetasol propionate ointment is a super-high potency topical corticosteroid; therefore, treatment should be limited to 2 consecutive weeks, and amounts greater than 50 g per week should not be used. As with other highly active corticosteroids, therapy should be discontinued when control has been achieved. If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary. Clobetasol propionate ointment should not be used with occlusive dressings.
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Clobetasol Propionate Ointment USP, 0.05% contains the active compound clobetasol propionate, a synthetic corticosteroid, for topical dermatologic use. Clobetasol, an analog of prednisolone, has a high degree of glucocorticoid activity and a slight degree of mineralocorticoid activity. Chemically, clobetasol propionate is 21-Chloro-9-fluoro-11��,17-dihydroxy-16��-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17-propionate, and it has the following structural formula: Clobetasol propionate has the molecular formula CHClF0and a molecular weight of 466.98. It is a white to cream-colored crystalline powder insoluble in water. Each gram of clobetasol propionate ointment, for topical administration, contains clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg in a base of propylene glycol, sorbitan sesquioleate, and white petrolatum.
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Like other topical corticosteroids, clobetasol propionate has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to act by the induction of phospholipase Ainhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins. It is postulated that these proteins control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting the release of their common precursor, arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A.<br/>Pharmacokinetics: The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Occlusive dressings with hydrocortisone for up to 24 hours has not been demonstrated to increase penetration; however, occlusion of hydrocortisone for 96 hours markedly enhances penetration. Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin may increase percutaneous absorption. Studies performed with clobetasol propionate ointment indicate that it is in the super-high range of potency as compared with other topical corticosteroids.
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Clobetasol propionate ointment is contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components of the preparation.
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Clobetasol Propionate Ointment USP, 0.05% is supplied in 15-g (NDC 59366-2796-1), 30-g (NDC 59366-2796-3), 45-g (NDC 59366-2796-4) and 60-g (NDC 59366-2796-6) tubes. Store between 15��and 30��C (59��and 86��F). Clobetasol propionate ointment should not be refrigerated. Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription. Manufactured by Stiefel Laboratories, Inc., Coral Gables, FL 33134 for Glades Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Coral Gables, FL 33134 Questions? Please call 1-888-4GLADES 1-888-445-2337 85457 Rev. 0598
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General: Clobetasol propionate ointment should not be used in the treatment of rosacea or perioral dermatitis, and should not be used on the face, groin, or axillae. Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids can produce reversible HPA axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal from treatment. Manifestations of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria can also be produced in some patients by systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids while on therapy. Patients applying a topical steroid to a large surface area or to areas under occlusion should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression. This may be done by using the ACTH stimulation, A.M. plasma cortisol, and urinary free cortisol tests. Patients receiving superpotent corticosteroids should not be treated for more than 2 weeks at a time and only small areas should be treated at any one time due to the increased risk of HPA suppression. Clobetasol propionate ointment produced HPA axis suppression when used at doses as low as 2 g per day for 1 week in patients with eczema. If HPA axis suppression is noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent corticosteroid. Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids. Infrequently, signs and symptoms of glucocorticosteroid insufficiency may occur requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. For information on systemic supplementation, see prescribing information for those products. Pediatric patients may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity from equivalent doses due to their larger skin surface to body mass ratios . If irritation develops, clobetasol propionate ointment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Allergic contact dermatitis with corticosteroids is usually diagnosed by observing failure to heal rather than noting a clinical exacerbation as with most topical products not containing corticosteroids. Such an observation should be corroborated with appropriate diagnostic patch testing. If concomitant skin infections are present or develop, an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be used. If a favorable response does not occur promptly, use of clobetasol propionate ointment should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled.<br/>Information for Patients: Patients using topical corticosteroids should receive the following information and instructions:<br/>Laboratory Tests: The following tests may be helpful in evaluating patients for HPA axis suppression: ACTH stimulation test A.M. plasma cortisol test Urinary free cortisol test<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of clobetasol propionate. Studies in the rat following oral administration at dosage levels up to 50 mg/kg per day revealed that the females exhibited an increase in the number of resorbed embryos and a decrease in the number of living fetuses at the highest doses. Clobetasol propionate was non-mutagenic in three different test systems: the Ames test, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene conversion assay, and the E. coil B WP2 fluctuation test.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic Effects:<br/>Nursing Mothers: Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth, interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects. It is not known whether topical administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when clobetasol propionate ointment is administered to a nursing woman.<br/>Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of clobetasol propionate ointment in pediatric patients have not been established. Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended. Because of a higher ratio of skin surface area to body mass, pediatric patients are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression and Cushing's syndrome when theyare treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at greater risk of adrenal insufficiency during or after withdrawal of treatment. Adverse effects including striae have been reported with inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids in infants and children. HPA axis suppression, Cushing's syndrome, linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include low plasma cortisol levels, and an absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.
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Topically applied clobetasol propionate ointment can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to produce systemic effects. .
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clobetasol propionate
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Clobetasol Propionate (Ointment)
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In controlled clinical trials, the most frequent adverse events reported for clobetasol propionate ointment were burning sensation, irritation, and itching in 0.5% of treated patients. Less frequent adverse reactions were stinging, cracking, erythema, folliculitis, numbness of fingers, skin atrophy, and telangiectasia. Cushing's syndrome has been reported in infants and adults as a result of prolonged use of topical clobetasol propionate formulations. The following additional local adverse reactions have been reported with topical corticosteroids, and they may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings and higher potency corticosteroids. These reactions are listed in an approximately decreasing order of occurrence: dryness, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection, irritation, striae, and miliaria.
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Clobetasol propionate ointment is a super-high potency corticosteroid formulation indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses. Treatment beyond 2 consecutive weeks is not recommended, and the total dosage should not exceed 50 g per week because of the potential for the drug to suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended. As with other highly active corticosteroids, therapy should be discontinued when control has been achieved. If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassessment of the diagnosis may be necessary.
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Clobetasol Propionate
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