Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/4016
Predicate | Object |
---|---|
rdf:type | |
rdfs:label |
Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
|
dailymed-instance:dosage |
The dose is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical
condition of the patient. As reported in the
literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose
must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly
neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk
of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Parenteral drug
products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration
prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See
PRECAUTIONS.<br/>Drug Interactions: Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist,
if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix
thoroughly and do not store.
|
dailymed-instance:descripti... |
5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection,
USP solution is sterile and nonpyrogenic. It is a large volume parenteral
solution containing dextrose and sodium chloride in water for injection
intended for intravenous administration. Each
100 mL of 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP contains
dextrose, hydrous 5 g and sodium chloride 0.45 g in water for injection.
Electrolytes per 1000 mL: sodium (Na), 77 mEq; chloride
(Cl) 77 mEq. The osmolarity is 406 mOsmol/L (calc.),
which is hypertonic. The caloric value is 170 kcal/L. The pH is 4.3 (3.5 to 6.5). 5% Dextrose
and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP contains no bacteriostat,
antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only as a single-dose
injection. When smaller doses are required, the unused portion should
be discarded. 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Injection, USP is a parenteral fluid, nutrient and electrolyte replenisher. Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate
(CHO���HO),
a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural
formula: Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline
powder freely soluble in water. Water for Injection,
USP is chemically designated H0. The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a clear multilayer
plastic film (FC97). Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F
during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture
content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely
that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes
within the expiration period.
|
dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
When administered intravenously, these solutions
provide a source of water, carbohydrate and electrolytes. Solutions which provide combinations of hypotonic or isotonic
concentrations of dextrose and of sodium chloride are suitable for
parenteral maintenance or replacement of water and electrolyte requirements
with minimal carbohydrate calories. Solutions
containing carbohydrate in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose
levels and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose
may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing
action. Dextrose injected parenterally undergoes oxidation to carbon
dioxide and water. Sodium chloride in water
dissociates to provide sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl��)
ions. Sodium (Na) is the principal cation of the extracellular
fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte
disturbances. Chloride (Cl��) has an integral role in buffering
action when oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the red blood
cells. The distribution and excretion of sodium (Na) and
chloride (Cl��) are largely under the control of the kidney which
maintains a balance between intake and output. Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts
for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily
requirements range from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters
each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production).
Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water
distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes
in the body compartments and sodium (Na) plays a major
role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.
|
dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
dailymed-instance:contraind... |
None known.
|
dailymed-instance:supply |
5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection,
USP is supplied in single-dose flexible plastic containers as follows: Store at 20 to 25��C (68 to 77��F). [See
USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. Revised: May, 2006 Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA
|
dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations
are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever
the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution
in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus. Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral
fluids, especially those containing sodium ions to patients receiving
corticosteroids or corticotropin. Do not administer
unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused
portion.<br/>Pregnancy: Teratogenic effects Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction
studies have not been conducted with dextrose or sodium chloride.
It is also not known whether dextrose or sodium chloride can cause
fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction
capacity. Dextrose or sodium chloride should be given to a pregnant
woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population
are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric
and adult populations. In neonates or very small infants, the volume
of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Frequent monitoring
of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed
topediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight
infants. In very low birth weight infants, excessive
or rapid administration of dextrose injection may result in increased
serum osmolality and possible intracerebral hemorrhage.<br/>Geriatric Use: An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical
experience identifying differences in response between elderly and
younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient
should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing
range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal,
or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Sodium ions are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney,
and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired
renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased
renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may
be useful to monitor renal function.
|
dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of overhydration or solute overload,
re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures.
See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS.
|
dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose monohydrate and Sodium Chloride
|
dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
|
dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution
or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection
at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending
from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion,
evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures
and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
|
dailymed-instance:warning |
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with
great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure,
severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists
edema with sodium retention. Excessive administration
of potassium-free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia. In patients with diminished renal function, administration
of solutions containing sodium ions may result in sodium retention. The intravenous administration of these solutions can
cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum
electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary
edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely
proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of administered parenteral
solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with
peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte
concentrations of such solutions.
|
dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Intravenous solutions containing dextrose and sodium
chloride are indicated for parenteral replenishment of fluid, minimal
carbohydrate calories, and sodium chloride as required by the clinical
condition of the patient.
|
dailymed-instance:represent... | |
dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | |
dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose and Sodium Chloride
|