Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/4010
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Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride (Injection)
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These solutions are for intravenous use only. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy. When a hypertonic solution is to be administered peripherally, it should be slowly infused through a small bore needle, placed well within the lumen of a large vein to minimize venous irritation. Carefully avoid infiltration. In the average adult, daily requirements of sodium and chloride are met by the infusion of one liter of 0.9% sodium chloride (154 mEq each of sodium and chloride). Usually up to 40 mEq of potassium per liter daily is sufficient to replace normal loss in adults. Infusion rates should not exceed 10 mEq per hour or 120 mEq per day. A liter of fluid containing 40 mEq of potassium should be administered over an 8-hour period. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient.<br/>Pediatric Dosage and Administration: There is no specific pediatric dose. The dose is dependent on weight, clinical condition and laboratory results. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Each 100 mL of 0.15% Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (20 mEq K/liter) contains: Sodium Chloride USP 0.9 gPotassium Chloride USP 0.15 g; Water for Injection USP qs pH may be adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid NF pH: 5.6 (3.5���6.5) Calculated Osmolarity: 350 mOsmol/liter Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/liter):Sodium 154 Potassium 20 Chloride 174 Each 100 mL of 0.30% Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection (40 mEq K/liter) contains: Sodium Chloride USP 0.9 gPotassium Chloride USP 0.3 g; Water for Injection USP qs pH may be adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid NF pH: 5.6 (3.5���6.5) Calculated Osmolarity: 390 mOsmol/liter Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/liter):Sodium 154 Potassium 40 Chloride 194 Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injections are sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic and contain no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. These products are intended for intravenous administration. The formulas of the active ingredients are: The EXCEL Container is Latex-free, PVC-free, and DEHP-free. The plastic container is made from a multilayered film specifically developed for parenteral drugs. It contains no plasticizers and exhibits virtually no leachables. The solution contact layer is a rubberized copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. The container-solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary. Addition of medication should be accomplished using complete aseptic technique. The closure system has two ports; the one for the administration set has a tamper evident plastic protector and the other is a medication addition site. Refer to the Directions for Use of the container.
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Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injections provide electrolytes and are a source of water for hydration. They are capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient. Sodium, the major cation of the extracellular fluid, functions primarily in the control of water distribution, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure of body fluids. Sodium is also associated with chloride and bicarbonate in the regulation of acid-base equilibrium of body fluid. Potassium, the principal cation of intracellular fluid, participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration.
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Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injections are contraindicated in clinical conditions where additives of sodium, potassium or chloride could be clinically detrimental.
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Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injections are supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in EXCEL Containers packaged 12 per case. Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25��C); however, brief exposure up to 40��C does not adversely affect the product.
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In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition and institute appropriate corrective treatment. In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. Treatment of hyperkalemia includes the following:
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Potassium Chloride and sodium Chloride
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Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride (Injection)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation, and hypervolemia. Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended. Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential. Hypernatremia may be associated with edema and exacerbation of congestive heart failure due to the retention of water, resulting in an expanded extracellular fluid volume. Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect. The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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Potassium Chloride in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injections are indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as sources of electrolytes and water for hydration.
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Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride
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