Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/3973
| Subject | Predicate | Object | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | rdf:type | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | rdf:type | dailymed-instance:drugs | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | rdfs:label | Ogen (Cream) | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:dosage | Attempts to discontinue or taper medication should be made at 3-month to 6-month intervals.<br/>Usual dosage range: Intravaginally, 2 to 4 grams of OGEN Vaginal Cream daily, depending upon the severity of the condition. The following instructions for use are intended for the patient and are printed on the carton label for OGEN Vaginal Cream (estropipate): Between uses, pull plunger out of barrel and wash applicator in warm, soapy water. DO NOT PUT APPLICATOR IN HOT OR BOILING WATER. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:descripti... | OGEN (estropipate vaginal cream, USP), (formerly piperazine estrone sulfate), is a natural estrogenic substance prepared from purified crystalline estrone, solubilized as the sulfate and stabilized with piperazine. It is appreciably soluble in water and has almost no odor or taste. The amount of piperazine in OGEN is not sufficient to exert a pharmacological action. Its addition ensures solubility, stability, and uniform potency of the estrone sulfate. Chemically estropipate, molecular weight: 436.56, is represented by estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one,3-(sulfooxy)-,compound with piperazine (1:1). The structural formula may be represented as follows: Each gram of OGEN Vaginal Cream contains 1.5 mg estropipate in a base composed of the following ingredients: glycerin, mineral oil, glyceryl monostearate, polyethylene glycol ether complex of higher fatty alcohols, cetyl alcohol, anhydrous lanolin, sodium biphosphate, cis-N-(3-chloroallyl) hexaminium chloride, propylparaben, methylparaben, piperazine hexahydrate, citric acid and water. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:clinicalP... | Estrogen drug products act by regulating the transcription of a limited number of genes. Estrogens diffuse through cell membranes, distribute themselves throughout the cell, and bind to and activate the nuclear estrogen receptor, a DNA-binding protein which is found in estrogen-responsive tissues. The activated estrogen receptor binds to specific DNA sequences, or hormone-response elements, which enhance the transcription of adjacent genes and in turn lead to the observed effects. Estrogen receptors have been identified in tissues of the reproductive tract, breast, pituitary, hypothalamus, liver, and bone of women. Estrogens are important in the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. By a direct action, they cause growth and development of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina. With other hormones, such as pituitary hormones and progesterone, they cause enlargement of the breasts through promotion of ductal growth, stromal development, and the accretion of fat. Estrogens are intricately involved with other hormones, especially progesterone, in the processes of the ovulatory menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and affect the release of pituitary gonadotropins. They also contribute to the shaping of the skeleton, maintenance of tone and elasticity of urogenital structures, changes in the epiphyses of the long bones that allow for the pubertal growth spurt and its termination, and pigmentation of the nipples and genitals. Estrogens occur naturally in several forms. The primary source of estrogen in normally cycling adult women is the ovarian follicle, which secretes 70 to 500 micrograms of estradiol daily, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. This is converted primarily to estrone, which circulates in roughly equal proportion to estradiol, and to small amounts of estriol. After menopause, most endogenous estrogen is produced by conversion of androstenedione, secreted by the adrenal cortex, to estrone by peripheral tissues. Thus, estrone���especially in its sulfate ester form���is the most abundant circulating estrogen in postmenopausal women. Although circulating estrogens exist in a dynamic equilibrium of metabolic interconversions, estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen and is substantially more potent than estrone or estriol at the receptor. Estrogens used in therapy are well absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. When applied for a local action, absorption is usually sufficient to cause systemic effects. When conjugated with aryl and alkyl groups for parenteral administration, the rate of absorption of oily preparations is slowed with a prolonged duration of action, such that a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate or estradiol cypionate is absorbed over several weeks. Administered estrogens and their esters are handled within the body essentially the same as the endogenous hormones. Metabolic conversion of estrogens occurs primarily in the liver (first pass effect), but also at local target tissue sites. Complex metabolic processes result in a dynamic equilibrium of circulating conjugated and unconjugated estrogenic forms which are continually interconverted, especially between estrone and estradiol and between esterified and unesterified forms. Although naturally-occurring estrogens circulate in the blood largely bound to sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin, only unbound estrogens enter target tissue cells. A significant proportion of the circulating estrogen exists as sulfate conjugates, especially estrone sulfate, which serves as a circulating reservoir for the formation of more active estrogenic species. A certain proportion of the estrogen is excreted into the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. During this enterohepatic recirculation, estrogens are desulfated and resulfated and undergo degradation through conversion to less active estrogens (estriol and other estrogens), oxidation to nonestrogenic substances (catecholestrogens, which interact with catecholamine metabolism, especially in the central nervous system), and conjugation with glucuronic acids (which are then rapidly excreted in the urine). When given orally, naturally-occurring estrogens and their esters are extensively metabolized (first pass effect) and circulate primarily as estrone sulfate, with smaller amounts of other conjugated and unconjugated estrogenic species. This results in limited oral potency. By contrast, synthetic estrogens, such as ethinyl estradiol and the nonsteroidal estrogens, are degraded very slowly in the liver and other tissues, which results in their high intrinsic potency. Estrogen drug products administered by non-oral routes are not subject to first-pass metabolism, but also undergo significant hepatic uptake, metabolism, and enterohepatic recycling. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:activeIng... | dailymed-ingredient:estropi... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:supply | OGEN (estropipate vaginal cream, USP), 1.5 mg estropipate per gram, is available in packages containing a 1��oz (42.5 g) tube with one plastic applicator calibrated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 g levels, (NDC 0009-3776-01).<br/>RECOMMENDED STORAGE: Store below 86��F (30��C). Rx only | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:boxedWarn... | WARNING:<br/>1. ESTROGENS HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO INCREASE THE RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL CARClNOMA IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN.: Close clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogens is important. Adequate diagnostic measures, including endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding. There is no evidence that "natural" estrogens are more or less hazardous than "synthetic" estrogens at equi-estrogenic doses.<br/>2. ESTROGENS SHOULD NOT BE USED DURING PREGNANCY.: There is no indication for estrogen therapy during pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period. Estrogens are ineffective for the prevention or treatment of threatened, or habitual abortion. Estrogens are not indicated for the prevention of postpartum breast engorgement. Estrogen therapy during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of congenital defects in the reproductive organs of the fetus, and possibly other birth defects. Studies of women who received diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy have shown that female offspring have an increased risk of vaginal adenosis, squamous cell dysplasia of the uterine cervix, and clear cell vaginal cancer later in life; male offspring have an increased risk of urogenital abnormalities and possibly testicular cancer later in life. The 1985 DES Task Force concluded that use of DES during pregnancy is associated with a subsequent increased risk of breast cancer in the mothers, although a causal relationship remains unproven and the observed level of excess risk is similar to that for a number of other breast cancer risk factors. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | dailymed-ingredient:estropi... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:water | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:citric_... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:glyceri... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:methylp... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:propylp... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:mineral... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:cetyl_a... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:glycery... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:sodium_... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:polyeth... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:anhydro... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:cis-N-(... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | dailymed-ingredient:piperaz... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:overdosag... | Serious ill effects have not been reported following acute ingestion of large doses of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives by young children. Overdosage of estrogen may cause nausea and vomiting, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:genericMe... | estropipate | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:fullName | Ogen (Cream) | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:adverseRe... | Hypersensitivity reactions, systemic effects such as breast tenderness, and rarely, withdrawal bleeding, have occurred with the use of topical estrogens. Local irritation (especially when prior inflammation is present) has occurred at initiation of therapy. The following additional adverse reactions have been reported with estrogen therapy (see WARNINGS regarding induction of neoplasia, adverse effects on the fetus, increased incidence of gallbladder disease, cardiovascular disease, elevated blood pressure, and hypercalcemia). | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:indicatio... | OGEN Vaginal Cream is indicated for the treatment of vulval and vaginal atrophy. | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:represent... | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | lld:dailymed |
| dailymed-drugs:3973 | dailymed-instance:name | Ogen | lld:dailymed |
| http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berli... | dailymed-instance:producesD... | dailymed-drugs:3973 | lld:dailymed |