Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/3927
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Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
Concentrated Dextrose in Water is administered by slow intravenous
infusion (a) After admixture with amino acid solutions or (b) After dilution
with other compatible I.V. fluids. Dosage should be adjusted to meet the requirements
of each individual patient. The maximum rate at which
dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg of body weight
/hr. About 95% of the dextrose is retained when infused at a rate of 0.8 g/kg/hr. As
reported in the literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous
dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly
neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Clinical
evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor
changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance
during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient
warrants such evaluation. A list of nutritional admixture
values is appended. Parenteral drug products should
be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration,
whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS. Drug Interaction Additives
may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing
additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. Some
opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during sterilization process
may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or
safety. The opacity will diminish gradually. WARNING: Do not use flexible container in series connections.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 70% Dextrose Injection, USP (concentrated
dextrose in water) is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of Dextrose,
USP in water for injection for intravenous administration after appropriate
admixture or dilution. Partial-fill containers, designed
to facilitate admixture or dilution to provide dextrose in various concentrations,
are available in various sizes. See table under HOW SUPPLIED for summary of
content and characteristics of these concentrated solutions. The
solutions contain no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and
are intended only for use as a single-dose injection following admixture or
dilution. The flexible plastic container is fabricated
from a specially formulated polyvinylchloride. Water can permeate from inside
the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the
solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may
leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts;
however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container
materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F
during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content.
Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor
losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period. Dextrose
Injection, USP is a parenteral fluid and nutrient replenisher. Dextrose,
USP is chemically designated D-glucose, monohydrate (CHO���HO), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following
structural formula: Water for Injection, USP is chemically
designated HO.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
When administered intravenously, solutions containing carbohydrate
in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose levels and provide calories.
Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen
depletion and exerts a protein sparing action. Dextrose injection undergoes
oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Water is an
essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70%
of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirement ranges from two
to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss
by perspiration and urine production, respectively). Water
balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution
depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments,
and sodium (Na) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic
equilibrium.
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dailymed-instance:contraind... |
A concentrated dextrose solution should not be used when
intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage is present nor in the presence of delirium
tremens if the patient is already dehydrated. Dextrose
injection without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with
blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination
of red cells may occur.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
20%, 30%, 40%, 50% or 70% Dextrose Injection, USP are supplied
in single-dose partial-fill flexible containers. See the following table. *Caloric value calculated on the basis of 3.4 kcal/g of
dextrose, hydrous. Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized.
Store at 20 to 25��C (68 to 77��F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from freezing. HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Electrolyte deficits, particularly in serum potassium and
phosphate, may occur during prolonged use of concentrated dextrose solutions.
Blood electrolyte monitoring is essential, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances
should be corrected. Essential vitamins and minerals also should be provided
as needed. To minimize hyperglycemia and consequent
glycosuria, it is desirable to monitor blood and urine glucose and if necessary,
add insulin. When concentrated dextrose infusion is abruptly withdrawn, it
is advisable to follow with the administration of 5% or 10% dextrose to avoid
rebound hypoglycemia. Solutions containing dextrose
should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes
mellitus. Care should be exercised to insure that the
needle (or catheter) is well within the lumen of the vein and that extravasation
does not occur. Concentrated dextrose solutions should
not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Do
not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard
unused portion.<br/>Pregnancy Category C.: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with
dextrose. It is also not known whether dextrose can cause fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dextrose
should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Pediatric Use:: The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population
are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric and
adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may
affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Frequent monitoring
of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed to
pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants. In
very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose
injection may result in increased serum osmolality and possible intracerebral
hemorrhage. This product contains no more than 25 mcg/L
of aluminum.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of overhydration or solute overload during therapy,
reevaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See
WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Hyperosmolar syndrome, resulting from excessively rapid administration
of concentrated dextrose may cause hypovolemia, dehydration, mental confusion
and/or loss of consciousness. Reactions which may occur
because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile
response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis
extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If
an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of
the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
Concentrated dextrose in water should be administered only
after suitable dilution. Hypertonic dextrose solutions should be given slowly.
Significant hyperglycemia and possible hyperosmolar syndrome may result from
too rapid administration. The physician should be aware of the symptoms of
hyperosmolar syndrome, such as mental confusion and loss of consciousness,
especially in patients with chronic uremia and those with known carbohydrate
intolerance. The intravenous administration of these
solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution
of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary
edema. WARNING: This product contains aluminum that
may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration
if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk
because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium
and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research
indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature
neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5
mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system
and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration. FOR PERIPHERAL VEIN ADMINISTRATION Hypertonic
dextrose solutions (above 5% concentration) should be given slowly, preferably
through a small bore needle into a large vein, to minimize venous irritation. FOR CENTRAL VENOUS ADMINISTRATION Concentrated
dextrose should be administered via central vein after appropriate admixture
or dilution when required.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 70% Dextrose Injection, USP (concentrated
dextrose in water) in partial-fill containers is indicated for admixture with
amino acids or dilution with other compatible I.V. fluids to provide variable
final dextrose concentrations for intravenous infusion in patients whose condition
requires parenteral nutrition.
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dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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