Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/3915
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Potassium Chloride in Dextrose (Injection)
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| dailymed-instance:dosage |
These solutions are for intravenous use only. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient. If the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium chloride should be given at a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration less than 30 mEq/liter. The total 24-hour dose should not exceed 200 mEq. If urgent treatment is indicated (serum potassium level less than 2.0 mEq/liter with electrocardiographic changes or paralysis), potassium chloride may be infused at a rate of 40 mEq/hour. As much as 400 mEq may be administered in a 24-hour period while monitoring blood electrolyte concentrations carefully. Dextrose may be administered to normal individuals at a rate of 0.5 g/kg/hour without producing glycosuria. At the maximum infusion rate of 0.8 g/kg/hour, approximately 95% of the dextrose is retained.<br/>Pediatric Dosage and Administration: There is no specific pediatric dose. The dose is dependent on weight, clinical condition and laboratory results. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
(See chart below for quantitative information.) Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose Injections USP are sterile, nonpyrogenic and contain no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. These products are intended for intravenous administration. The formulas of the active ingredients are: The EXCEL Container is Latex-free, PVC-free, and DEHP-free. The plastic container is made from a multilayered film specifically developed for parenteral drugs. It contains no plasticizers and exhibits virtually no leachables. The solution contact layer is a rubberized copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. The container-solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary. Addition of medication should be accomplished using complete aseptic technique. The closure system has two ports; the one for the administration set has a tamper evident plastic protector and the other is a medication addition site. Refer to the Directions for Use of the container.
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These intravenous solutions provide electrolytes and calories, and are a source of water for hydration. All are capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient. Potassium, the principal cation of intracellular fluid, participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration. Dextrose provides a source of calories. Dextrose is readily metabolized, may decrease losses of body protein and nitrogen, promotes glycogen deposition and decreases or prevents ketosis if sufficient doses are provided.
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| dailymed-instance:contraind... |
These solutions are contraindicated where the administration of potassium or chloride could be clinically detrimental. Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.
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Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose Injections USP are supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in 1000 mL EXCEL Containers packaged 12 per case. Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25��C); however, brief exposure up to 40��C does not adversely affect the product.
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| dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition and institute appropriate corrective treatment. In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. Treatment of hyperkalemia includes the following:
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Potassium Chloride and Dextrose monohydrate
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Potassium Chloride in Dextrose (Injection)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential. Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heartblock, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect. Dextrose may be administered at a rate of 0.5 g/kg/hour without producing glycosuria. Hyperglycemia and glycosuria may be a function of rate of administration or metabolic insufficiency. Appropriate therapy may include slowing of the infusion rate and administration of insulin. The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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These intravenous solutions are indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as sources of electrolytes, calories, and water for hydration.
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| dailymed-instance:name |
Potassium Chloride in Dextrose
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