Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/3375
Predicate | Object |
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rdfs:label |
Calcium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is administered only
by slow intravenous injection (not
to exceed 1 mL/min), preferably in a central
or deep vein. The usual precautions for intravenous
therapy should be observed. If time permits, the solution should be warmed
to body temperature. The injection should be halted if the patient complains
of any discomfort; it may be resumed when symptoms disappear. Following injection,
the patient should remain recumbent for a short time. The
usual adult dosage in hypocalcemic disorders ranges from 200 mg to 1 g (2���10 mL) at intervals of 1 to 3 days depending on the response of the
patient and/or results of serum ionized calcium determinations. Repeated injections
may be required because of rapid excretion of calcium. The
pediatric dosage in hypocalcemic disorders ranges from 2.7 to 5.0 mg/kg hydrated
calcium chloride (or 0.136 to 0.252 mEq elemental calcium per kg, or 0.027
to 0.05 mL of 10% Calcium Chloride Injection per kg). No data from clinical
trials is available about repeated dosages, though textbook references recommend
repeat dosages q 4 to 6 hours. Caution: 10% Calcium Chloride Injection consists of 1 gram of calcium
chloride in a 10 mL syringe, or 100 mg/mL. This concentration represents 27
mg or 1.4 mEq of elemental calcium per mL. Thus, one 10 mL syringe provides
270 mg of elemental calcium. The dosage recommendation in various references
is given eitheras amount of calcium chloride or amount of elemental calcium,
and often it is not specified. Ionized calcium concentrations should be measured,
to assist in dosage adjustment. Parenteral drug products
should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior
to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS. To
prevent needle-stick injuries, needles should not be recapped, purposely bent
or broken by hand.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic,
hypertonic solution. Each mL contains 100 mg (1.4 mEq/mL) of calcium chloride,
dihydrate (1.4 mEq each of Caand Cl) in water
for injection. It is provided in a 10 mL Unit of Use Syringe to facilitate
prompt intravenous injection. The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial
agent or added buffer and is intended for use only as a single-dose injection.
The pH of 10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is 6.3 (5.5 to 7.5) when diluted
with water for injection to make a 5% solution. May contain hydrochloric acid
and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The osmolar concentration is 2.04
mOsmol/mL (calc.). 10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is oxygen sensitive. Calcium
Chloride, USP dihydrate is chemically designated CaCl���2HO (dihydrate) and is described as white, odorless fragments
or granules freely soluble in water. The plastic syringe
is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates from
inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant
effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in
contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components
from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive
of the safety of the syringe material.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the body and
the major fraction is in the bony structure. Calcium plays important physiological
roles, many of which are poorly understood. It is essential for the functional
integrity of the nervous and muscular systems. It is necessary for normal
cardiac function and is one of the factors that operates in the mechanisms
involved in the coagulation of blood. Calcium chloride
in water dissociates to provide calcium (Ca) and chloride (Cl)
ions. They are normal constituents of the body fluids and are dependent on
various physiological mechanisms for maintenance of balance between intake
and output. Approximately 80% of body calcium is excreted in the feces as
insoluble salts; urinary excretion accounts for the remaining 20%.
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dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Calcium chloride is contraindicated for cardiac resuscitation
in the presence of ventricular fibrillation or in patients with the risk of
existing digitalis toxicity. Calcium chloride is not
recommended in the treatment of asystole and electromechanical dissociation.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose
containers as follows: Store at controlled room temperature, 15��to 30��C
(59��to 86��F). [See USP.]
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dailymed-instance:genericDr... | |
dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact.
Discard unused portion. Because of its additive effect,
calcium should be administered very cautiously to a patient who is digitalized
or who is taking effective doses of digitalis or digitalis-like preparations. Injections
should be made slowly through a small needle into a large vein to minimize
venous irritation and avoid undesirable reactions. It is particularly important
to prevent a high concentration of calcium from reaching the heart because
of the danger of cardiac syncope.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:: Studies with solutions in polypropylene syringes have not
been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or
effects on fertility.<br/>Pediatric Use:: Safety and effectiveness are based on similar clinical conditions
in children and adults.<br/>Pregnancy Category C:: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with
calcium chloride. It also is not known whether calcium chloride can cause
fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive
capacity. Calcium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearlyneeded.<br/>Geriatric Use:: An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical
experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger
patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious,
usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater
frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant
disease or other drug therapy.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
Too rapid injection may produce lowering of blood pressure
and cardiac syncope. Persistent hypercalcemia from overdosage of calcium is
unlikely because of rapid excretion. In the event of untoward effects from
excessive calcium administration, the drug should be discontinued promptly,
the patient re-evaluated and appropriate countermeasures instituted, if necessary.
See PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Calcium Chloride
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Calcium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Rapid injection may cause the patient to complain of tingling
sensations, a calcium taste, a sense of oppression or���heat wave���. Injections
of calcium chloride are accompanied by peripheral vasodilatation as well as
a local���burning���sensation and there may be a moderate fall
in blood pressure. Should perivascular infiltration
occur, I.V. administration at that site should be discontinued at once. Local
infiltration of the affected area with 1% procaine hydrochloride, to which
hyaluronidase may be added, will often reduce venospasm and dilute the calcium
remaining in the tissues locally. Local application of heat may also be helpful.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is irritating to veins
and must not be injected into tissues,
since severe necrosis and sloughing may occur. Great care should be taken
to avoid extravasation or accidental injection into perivascular tissues. WARNING:
This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired.
Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature,
and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain
aluminum. Research indicates that patients with impaired
kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels
of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels
associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may
occur at even lower rates of administration.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
10% Calcium Chloride Injection, USP is indicated for the
treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase
in plasma calcium levels.
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dailymed-instance:represent... | |
dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | |
dailymed-instance:name |
Calcium Chloride
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