Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/2491
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Potassium Chloride (Injection)
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| dailymed-instance:dosage |
Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP must be diluted before administration.
Care must be taken to ensure there is complete mixing of the potassium
chloride with the large volume fluid, particularly if soft or bag type
containers are used. The dose and rate
of administration are dependent upon the specific condition of each
patient. If the serum
potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium can be given at
a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration of up to 40
mEq/liter. The 24 hour total dose should not exceed 200 mEq. If urgent treatment
is indicated (serum potassium level less than 2.0 mEq/liter and
electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis), potassium
chloride may be infused very cautiously at a rate up to 40 mEq/hour. In
such cases, continuous cardiac monitoring is essential. As much as 400
mEq may be administered in a 24 hour period. In critical conditions,
potassium chloride may be administered in saline (unlesscontraindicated), rather than in dextrose containing fluids, as dextrose
may lower serum potassium levels.<br/>Directions for Use
of the Pharmacy Bulk Package container: For preparation of intravenous admixtures only, not for direct
infusion. Do not use unless vacuum is present
and solution is clear. Unit must be used with a vented set
or a nonvented set with a vented spike adapter. Parenteral
drug products should be inspected visually for particulate
matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever
solution and container permit. Use of a final filter is
recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions,
where possible.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic,
concentrated solution of Potassium Chloride, USP in Water for Injection,
USP to be administered by intravenous infusion only after dilution in a
larger volume of fluid. Each mL of
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP contains 2 mEq (150
mg) of Potassium Chloride, USP. Osmolarity: 4024 mOsmol/L (calc). pH:
6.0 (4.0 to 8.0). It does not contain an antimicrobial agent. Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP (appropriately diluted) is a parenteral
fluid and electrolyte replenisher. A pharmacy bulk
package is a container of a sterile preparation for parenteral use that
contains many single doses. The contents are intended for use in a
pharmacy admixture service and are restricted to the preparation of
admixtures for intravenous infusion.
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| dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Potassium is the
chief cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter of intracellular water) and is
concerned with the maintenance of body fluid composition and electrolyte
balance. Potassium participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein
synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and
muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the major
extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and
changes in the acid-base of the body are reflected by changes in the
chloride concentration. Normally about 80
to 90% of the potassium intake is excreted in the urine, the remainder
in the stools and to a small extent, in the perspiration. The kidney
does not conserve potassium well so that during fasting, or in patients
on a potassium free diet, potassium loss from the body continues
resulting in potassium depletion. A deficiency of either potassium or
chloride will lead to a deficit of the other.
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Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP is contraindicated in disease where high
potassium levels may be encountered, and in patients with hyperkalemia,
renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is
present.
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| dailymed-instance:supply |
Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP (2 mEq/mL) is supplied in a glass
Pharmacy Bulk Package container as follows: 1D4192 250 mL NDC
0338-0318-02 Exposure of
pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive
heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended the product be stored at
room temperature (25��C); brief exposure up to 40��C does not adversely
affect the product. Baxter Healthcare Corporation Clintec Nutrition
Division Deerfield, IL 60015
USA
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| dailymed-instance:genericDr... | |
| dailymed-instance:boxedWarn... |
Pharmacy Bulk Package Not for Direct
Infusion
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| dailymed-instance:precautio... |
GENERAL: Clinical
evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary
to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations,
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or
whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.
Significant deviations from normal concentrations may require the use of additional electrolyte supplements, or the use of
electrolyte-free dextrose solutions to which individualized
electrolyte supplements may be added. Potassium
therapy should be guided primarily by serial electrocardiograms,
especially in patients receiving digitalis. Serum potassium
levels are not necessarily indicative of tissue potassium
levels. Solutions containing potassium should be used with
caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly in the
presence of renal disease, and in such instances, cardiac
monitoring is recommended. Solutions
containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with
overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate
intolerance for any reason. If the
administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be
taken to discontinue pumping action before the container runs
dry or air embolism may result. Drug
product contains no more than 25��g/L of aluminum.<br/>Usage in Pregnancy:<br/>Pregnancy
Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted
with potassium chloride. It is also not known whether
potassium chloride can cause fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant woman or can affect
reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride should be
given to a pregnant woman only if clearly
needed.
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| dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of
fluid overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's
condition, and institute appropriate corrective treatment. In the event of
overdosage with potassium-containing solutions, discontinue the infusion
immediately and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium
levels. Treatment of
hyperkalemia includes the following:
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| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Potassium Chloride
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Potassium Chloride (Injection)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may
occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include
febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation,
hypervolemia, and hyperkalemia. Too rapid infusion
of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and, rarely, vein
irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to
tolerance. Reactions reported
with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium
intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness,
hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic
abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in
disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and
dilatation. If an adverse
reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder
of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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| dailymed-instance:warning |
This injection is for preparation of
intravenous admixtures only, not for direct infusion. To avoid potassium
intoxication, do not infuse these solutions rapidly. In patients with
renal insufficiency, administration of potassium chloride may cause
potassium intoxication and life-threatening hyperkalemia. The administration
of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations,
overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of
dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte
concentration. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with
peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the
electrolyte concentration. WARNING: This
product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is
impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their
kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and
phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research indicates
that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature
neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to
5��g/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central
nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower
rates of administration.
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| dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Potassium Chloride
for Injection Concentrate, USP is indicated in the treatment of
potassium deficiency states when oral replacement therapy is not
feasible.
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| dailymed-instance:name |
Potassium Chloride
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