Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/230
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| rdf:type | |
| rdfs:label |
Sulfadiazine (Tablet)
|
| dailymed-instance:dosage |
SYSTEMIC SULFONAMIDES ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN INFANTS UNDER 2 MONTHS OF AGE except as adjunctive therapy with pyrimethamine in the treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis.<br/>Usual Dosage for Infants over 2 Months of Age and Children: Initially, one-half the 24-hour dose. Maintenance, 150 mg/kg or 4 g/m2, divided into 4 to 6 doses, every 24 hours, with a maximum of 6 g every 24 hours. Rheumatic fever prophylaxis, under 30 kg (66 pounds), 500 mg every 24 hours; over 30 kg (66 pounds), 1 g every 24 hours.<br/>Usual Adult Dosage: Initially, 2 to 4 g. Maintenance, 2 to 4 g, divided into 3 to 6 doses, every 24 hours.
|
| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Sulfadiazine is an oral sulfonamide anti-bacterial agent. Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 500 mg sulfadiazine. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, docusate sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, sodium benzoate, sodium starch glycolate and stearic acid. Sulfadiazine occurs as a white or slightly yellow powder. It is odorless, or nearly so, and slowly darkens on exposure to light. It is practically insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The chemical name of sulfadiazine is N-2-pyrimidinylsulfanilamide. The molecular formula is CHNOS. It has a molecular weight of 250.27. The structural formula is shown below: Most sulfonamides slowly darken on exposure to light.
|
| dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
The systemic sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents having a similar spectrum of activity. Sulfonamides competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from aminobenzoic acid. Resistant strains are capable of utilizing folic acid precursors or preformed folic acid. Sulfonamides exist in the blood in 3 forms - free, conjugated (acetylated and possibly others), and protein bound. The free form is considered to be the therapeutically active one. Sulfadiazine given orally is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After a single 2 g oral dose, a peak of 6.04 mg/100 mL is reached in 4 hours; of this, 4.65 mg/100 mL is free drug. When a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight is given initially and followed by 50 mg/kg every 6 hours, blood levels of free sulfadiazine are about 7 mg/100mL. Protein binding is 38 to 48%. Sulfadiazine diffuses into the cerebrospinal fluid; free drug reaches 32 to 65% of blood levels and total drug 40 to 60%. Sulfadiazine is excreted largely in the urine, where concentrations are 10 to 25 times greater than serum levels. Approximately 10% of a single oral dose is excreted in the first 6 hours, 50% within 24 hours, and 60 to 85% in 48 to 72 hours. Of the amount excreted in the urine, 15% to 40% is in the acetyl form.
|
| dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
| dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Sulfadiazine is contraindicated in the following circumstances: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. In infants less than 2 months of age (except as adjunctive therapy with pyrimethamine in the treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis). In pregnancy at term and during the nursing period, because sulfonamides cross the placenta and are excreted in breast milk and may cause kernicterus.
|
| dailymed-instance:supply |
Sulfadiazine 500 mg Tablets are white, unscored, capsule-shaped tablets, imprinted E 757 and are available in bottles of 100 and 1000. Storage: Store at 20��-25��C (68��-77��F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, lightresistant container as defined in the USP. Sandoz Inc. Princeton, NJ 08540 Rev. 06/06 MF0757REV06/06 OS7190 MG #16918
|
| dailymed-instance:genericDr... | |
| dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
| dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
| dailymed-instance:precautio... |
General: Sulfonamides should be given with caution to patients with impaired renal or hepatic function and to those with severe allergy or bronchial asthma. Hemolysis may occur in individuals deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This reaction is dose related. Adequate fluid intake must be maintained in order to prevent crystalluria and stone formation.<br/>Information for Patients: Patients should be instructed to drink an eight ounce glass of water with each dose of medication and at frequent intervals throughout the day. Caution patients to report promptly the onset of sore throat, fever, pallor, purpura, or jaundice when taking this drug, since these may be early indications of serious blood disorders.<br/>Laboratory Tests: Complete blood counts and urinalyses with careful microscopic examinations should be done frequently in patients receiving sulfonamides.<br/>Drug Interactions: Administration of a sulfonamide may increase the effect of oral anticoagulants and methotrexate, probably by displacement of these drugs from binding sites on plasma albumin. Potentiation of the action of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, thiazide diuretics, and uricosuric agents may also be noted. This may also be due to displacement of the drugs from albumin, or a pharmacodynamic mechanism may play a role. Conversely, agents such as indomethacin, probenecid, and salicylates may displace sulfonamides from plasma albumin and increase the concentrations of free drug in plasma.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: The sulfonamides bear certain chemical similarities to some goitrogens. Rats appear to be especially susceptible to the goitrogenic effects of sulfonamides, and long-term administration has produced thyroid malignancies in rats.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic effects:<br/>Nursing Mothers: Sulfadiazine is contraindicated for use in nursing mothers because the sulfonamides cross the placenta, are excreted in breast milk and may cause kernicterus. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from sulfadiazine, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. See CONTRAINDICATIONS.<br/>Pediatric Use: Sulfadiazine is contraindicated in infants less than 2 months of age (except as adjunctive therapy with pyrimethamine in the treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis). See CONTRAINDICATIONSand DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.
|
| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Sulfadiazine
|
| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Sulfadiazine (Tablet)
|
| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Blood Dyscrasias: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, purpura, hypoprothrombinemia, and methemoglobinemia.<br/>Allergic Reactions: Erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), generalized skin eruptions, epidermal necrolysis, urticaria, serum sickness, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, anaphylactoid reactions, periorbital edema, conjunctival and scleral injection, photosensitization, arthralgia, allergic myocarditis, drug fever, and chills.<br/>Gastrointestinal Reactions: Nausea, emesis, abdominal pains, hepatitis, diarrhea, anorexia, pancreatitis, and stomatitis.<br/>C.N.S. Reactions: Headache, peripheral neuritis, mental depression, convulsions, ataxia, hallucinations, tinnitus, vertigo, and insomnia.<br/>Renal: Crystalluria, stone formation, toxic nephrosis with oliguria and anuria; periarteritis nodosa and lupus erythematosus phenomenon have been noted.<br/>Miscellaneous Reactions: The sulfonamides bear certain chemical similarities to some goitrogens, diuretics (acetazolamide and the thiazides), and oral hypoglycemic agents. Goiter production, diuresis, and hypoglycemia have occurred rarely in patients receiving sulfonamides. Cross-sensitivity may exist with these agents.
|
| dailymed-instance:warning |
The sulfonamides should not be used for the treatment of group A betahemolytic streptococcal infections. In an established infection, they will not eradicate the streptococcus and, therefore, will not prevent sequelae such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Deaths associated with the administration of sulfonamides have been reported from hypersensitivity reactions, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and other blood dyscrasias. The presence of such clinical signs as sore throat, fever, pallor, purpura, or jaundice may be early indications of serious blood disorders. The frequency of renal complications is considerably lower in patients receiving the more soluble sulfonamides.
|
| dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Sulfadiazine tablets are indicated in the following conditions: Chancroid Trachoma Inclusion conjunctivitis Nocardiosis Urinary tract infections (primarily pyelonephritis, pyelitis, and cystitis) in the absence of obstructive uropathy or foreign bodies, when these infections are caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and P. vulgaris. Sulfadiazine should be used for urinary tract infections only after use of more soluble sulfonamides has been unsuccessful. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis in patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as adjunctive therapy with pyrimethamine. Malaria due to chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, when used as adjunctive therapy. Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis when sul fonamide-sensitive group A strains are known to prevail in family groups or larger closed populations (the prophylactic usefulness of sulfonamides when group B or C infections are prevalent is not proved and may be harmful in closed population groups). Meningococcal meningitis, when the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible. Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, when used concomitantly with adequate doses of penicillin. Prophylaxis against recurrences of rheumatic fever, as an alternative to penicillin. H. influenzae meningitis, as adjunctive therapy with parental streptomycin. IMPORTANT NOTES In vitro sulfonamide susceptibility tests are not always reliable. The test must be carefully coordinated with bacteriologic and clinical response. When the patient is already taking sulfonamides, follow-up cultures should have aminobenzoic acid added to the culture media. Currently, the increasing frequency of resistant organisms limits the usefulness of antibacterial agents, including the sulfonamides, especially in the treatment of recurrent and complicated urinary tract infections. Wide variation in blood levels may result with identical doses. Blood levels should be measured in patients receiving sulfonamides for serious infections. Free sulfonamide blood levels of 5 to 15 mg per 100 mL may be considered therapeutically effective for most infections, and blood levels of 12 to 15 mg per 100 mL may be considered optimal for serious infections. Twenty mg per 100 mL should be the maximum total sulfonamide level, since adverse reactions occur more frequently above this level.
|
| dailymed-instance:represent... | |
| dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | |
| dailymed-instance:name |
Sulfadiazine
|