Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/2134
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Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
The dose and rate of administration are dependent upon the
specific condition of each patient. Administer
intravenously only with a calibrated infusion device at a slow, controlled
rate. Because pain associated with peripheral infusion of Potassium Chloride
solution has been reported, whenever possible, administration via central
route is recommended for thorough dilution by the blood stream and avoidance
of extravasation. Highest concentrations (300 and 400 mEq/L) should be exclusively
administered via central route. Recommended
administration rates should not usually exceed 10 mEq/hour or 200 mEq for
a 24-hour period if the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter. In
urgent cases where the serum potassium level is less than 2 mEq/liter or where
severe hypokalemia is a threat (serum potassium level less than 2 mEq/liter
and electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis), rates up to 40
mEq/hour or 400 mEq over a 24-hour period can be administered very carefully
when guided by continuous monitoring of the EKG and frequent serum Kdeterminations
to avoid hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. Parenteral
drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration,
whenever solution and container permit. Use of a final filter is recommended
during administration of all parenteral solutions where possible. Do
not add supplementary medication. Preparation
for Administration (Use
aseptic technique) WARNING: Do not use flexible container
in series connections. Do not add supplementary medication. Such use could
result in air embolism due to residual air being drawn from the primary container
before administration of the fluid from the secondary container is completed.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
This Potassium Chloride Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic,
highly concentrated, ready-to-use solution of Potassium Chloride, USP in Water
for Injection, USP for electrolyte replenishment in a single dose container
for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. *Normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280
to 310 mOsmol/L. Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions (���600
mOsmol/L) may cause vein damage. This flexible plastic
container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinylchloride. Exposure
to temperatures above 25��C (77��F) during transport and storage will
lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater
losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant
changes within the expiration period. The amount of water that can permeate
from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the
solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may
leach out certain of its chemical components from the plastic in very small
amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of theplastic
container materials.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Potassium is the major cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter
of intracellular water) and is concerned with the maintenance of body fluid
composition and electrolyte balance. Potassium participates in carbohydrate
utilization, protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve
conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the
major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes
in the acid-base of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration. Normally
about 80 to 90% of the potassium intake is excreted in the urine, the remainder
in the stools and to a small extent, in the perspiration. The kidney does
not conserve potassium well so that during fasting, or in patients on a potassium-free
diet, potassium loss from the body continues resulting in potassium depletion.
A deficiency of either potassium or chloride will lead to a deficit of the
other.
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dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Potassium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in diseases
where high potassium levels may be encountered, and in patients with hyperkalemia,
renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
Potassium Chloride Injection in flexible plastic containers
is available as follows: Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized.
Avoid excessive heat. It is recommended that this product be stored at room
temperature (25��C). HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:genericDr... | |
dailymed-instance:boxedWarn... |
Highly Concentrated
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dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Laboratory Tests: Serum potassium levels are not necessarily indicative of
tissue potassium levels. Solutions containing potassium should be used with
caution in the presence of cardiac or renal disease. Clinical
evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor
changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance
during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient
warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations from normal concentrations
may require the use of additional electrolyte supplements, or the use of electrolyte-free
dextrose solutions to which individualized electrolyte supplements may be
added.<br/>Pregnancy:: Pregnancy Category C. Animal
reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride. It is
also not known whether potassium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered
to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride
should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Pediatric Use:: These products should not be used in pediatric patients at
this time. Do not administer unless solution is clear
and seal is intact.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of hyperkalemia, discontinue the infusion immediately
and institute corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels as necessary.
The use of potassium containing foods or medications must also be eliminated. Treatment
of mild to severe hyperkalemia with signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication
includes the following: In cases of digitalization, too rapid a lowering of plasma
potassium concentration can cause digitalis toxicity.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Potassium Chloride
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Potassium intoxication with mild or severe hyperkalemia has
been reported. The signs and symptoms of intoxication include paresthesia
of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion,
weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, heart block, electrographic abnormalities
and cardiac arrest. EKG abnormalities serve as a clinical reflection of the
seriousness of changes in serum potassium concentrations: peaked T waves and
prolonged P-R intervals usually occur with modest elevations above the upper
limit of normal potassium concentrations; P waves disappear, the QRS complex
widens, and eventual asystole usually occurs with higher elevations. Reactions
which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration
include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. Infusion
of highly concentrated potassium chloride solutions may cause local pain and
vein irritation. (See WARNINGS). Reactions
reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting,
and abdominal pain and diarrhea. If an adverse reaction
does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate
therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination
if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
THIS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED, READY-TO-USE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION IS INTENDED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SERUM KLEVELS AND
FOR POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN FLUID RESTRICTED PATIENTS WHO CANNOT ACCOMMODATE
ADDITIONAL VOLUMES OF FLUID ASSOCIATED WITH POTASSIUM SOLUTIONS OF LOWER CONCENTRATION. TO AVOID POTASSIUM
INTOXICATION, DO NOT INFUSE THESE SOLUTIONS RAPIDLY. PATIENTS REQUIRING HIGHLY CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS SHOULD
BE KEPT ON CONTINUOUS CARDIAC MONITORING AND UNDERGO FREQUENT TESTING FOR
SERUM POTASSIUM AND ACID-BASE BALANCE, ESPECIALLY IF THEY RECEIVE DIGITALIS. In patients with renal insufficiency, administration
of potassium chloride may cause potassium intoxication and life-threatening
hyperkalemia. Administer intravenously
only with a calibrated infusion device at a slow, controlled rate. (See DOSAGE
AND ADMINISTRATION.) Because pain associated with peripheral infusion of Potassium
Chloride solution has been reported, whenever possible administration via
a central route is recommended for thorough dilution by the blood stream and
avoidance of extravasation. Highest concentrations (300 and 400 mEq/L) should
be exclusively administered via central route. The
administration of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration,
congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely
proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk of solute overload
causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional
to the electrolyte concentration.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Potassium Chloride Injection is indicated in the treatment
of potassium deficiency states when oral replacement is not feasible. THIS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED, READY-TO-USE POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
INJECTION IS INTENDED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SERUM KLEVELS AND FOR POTASSIUM
SUPPLEMENTATION IN FLUID RESTRICTED PATIENTS WHO CANNOT ACCOMMODATE ADDITIONAL
VOLUMES OF FLUID ASSOCIATED WITH POTASSIUM SOLUTIONS OF LOWER CONCENTRATION. When using these products, these patients
should be on continuous cardiac monitoring and frequent testing for serum
potassium concentration and acid-base balance.
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dailymed-instance:name |
Potassium Chloride
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