Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/1834
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Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP must be
diluted before administration. Care must be taken to ensure there is complete
mixing of the potassium chloride with the large volume fluid, particularly
if soft or bag type containers are used. The dose and
rate of injection are dependent upon the individual needs of each patient. If
the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium can be
given at a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration of up to 40 mEq/liter.
The total 24-hour dose should not exceed 200 mEq. If
urgent treatment is indicated (serum potassium level less than 2.0 mEq/liter
with electrocardiographic changes or paralysis) potassium chloride may be
infused very cautiously at a rate of up to 40 mEq/hour. In such cases, continuous
cardiac monitoring is essential. As much as 400 mEq may be administered in
a 24 hour period. In critical conditions, potassium chloride may be administered
in saline (unless contraindicated) rather than in dextrose-containing fluids,
as dextrose may lower serum potassium levels. Parenteral
drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration,
whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS. Do
not administer unless solution is clear and seal intact. Discard unused portion. Directions for Proper Use of Pharmacy Bulk Package The
pharmacy bulk package is for use in a Pharmacy Admixture service only. Suspend
as a unit in the laminar flow hood. A single entry through the vial closure
should be made with a sterile dispensing set which allows measured dispensing
of the contents. Transfer individual dose(s) to appropriate intravenous infusion
solutions without delay. Use of a syringe with needle is not recommended.
Multiple entries will also increase the potential of microbial and particulate
contamination. The above process should be carried out under a laminar flow
hood using aseptic technique. ANY UNUSED PORTION MUST BE DISCARDED WITHIN
4 HOURS.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP is a sterile,
nonpyrogenic, concentrated solution of potassium chloride in water for injection
to be administered by intravenous infusion only after dilution in a larger
volume of fluid. A Pharmacy Bulk Package is a container of a sterile preparation
for parenteral use that contains many single doses. The contents are intended
for use in a pharmacy admixture service and are restricted to the preparation
of admixtures for intravenous infusion. The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent
or added buffer and is intended only for single-dose injection (after dilution).
Discard unused portion of Pharmacy Bulk Package after 4 hours. Potassium
Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP (appropriately diluted) is a parenteral
fluid and electrolyte replenisher. Potassium Chloride,
USP is chemically designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in
water.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Potassium is the chief cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter
of intracellular water) and is concerned with the maintenance of body fluid
composition and electrolyte balance. Potassium participates in carbohydrate
utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve
conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the
major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes
in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride
concentration. Normally about 80 to 90% of the potassium
intake is excreted in the urine, with the remainder voided in the stools and,
to a small extent, in perspiration. The kidney does not conserve potassium
well so that during fasting, or in patients on a potassium-free diet, potassium
loss from the body continues, resulting in potassium depletion. A deficiency
of either potassium or chloride will lead to a deficit of the other.
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Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP is contraindicated
in diseases where high potassium levels may be encountered, and in patients
with hyperkalemia, renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention
is present.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP (2 mEq/mL)
in the 250 mL Pharmacy Bulk Package is supplied as List 1513. Store
at 20 to 25��C (68 to 77��F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from freezing. Revised: May, 2006 ��Hospira
2006 EN-1206 Printed in USA HOSPIRA,
INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:precautio... |
General: Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations
are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations,
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the
condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations
from normal concentrations may require the use of additional electrolyte supplements,
or the use of electrolyte-free dextrose solutions to which individualized
electrolyte supplements may be added. Potassium therapy
should be guided primarily by serial electrocardiograms, especially in patients
receiving digitalis. Serum potassium levels are not necessarily indicative
of tissue potassium levels. Solutions containing potassium should be used
with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly in the presence
of renal disease, and in such instances, cardiac monitoring is recommended. Solutions
containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with overt or
known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason. If
the administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to
discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may
result.<br/>Usage in Pregnancy:: Pregnancy Category C. Animal
reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride. It is
also not known whether potassium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered
to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride
should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of fluid overload during parenteral therapy,
reevaluate the patient's condition, and institute appropriate corrective
treatment. In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing
solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately, and institute corrective
therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. Treatment
of hyperkalemia includes the following:
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Potassium Chloride
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the
technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site
of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection,
extravasation, hypervolemia, and hyperkalemia. Too
rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and, rarely, vein
irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Reactions
reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication
include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory
paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart
block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits
result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If
an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of
the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
To avoid potassium intoxication, do not infuse solutions
rapidly. In patients with renal insufficiency, administration of potassium
chloride may cause potassium intoxication and life-threatening hyperkalemia. The
administration of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration,
congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional
states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk
of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary
edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations. WARNING:
This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired.
Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature,
and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain
aluminum. Research indicates that patients with impaired
kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels
of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels
associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may
occur at even lower rates of administration.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP is indicated
in the treatment of potassium deficiency states when oral replacement therapy
is not feasible.
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dailymed-instance:name |
Potassium Chloride
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