Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/1791
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| rdf:type | |
| rdfs:label |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:dosage |
Following suitable
admixture of prescribed drugs, the dosage is usually dependent upon the
age, weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory
determinations. See directions accompanying drugs. Parenteral drug
products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and
discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container
permit. Do not administer
unless solution is clear and seal is intact. These admixed
injections in Viaflex' plastic containers are intended for intravenous
administration using sterile equipment. Additives may be
incompatible. Complete information is not available. Those additives
known to be incompatible should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if
available. If, in the informed judgement of the physician, it is deemed
advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly
when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing
additives.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP are sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solutions for
fluid replenishment and caloric supply in single dose containers for
intravenous administration after compounding. They contain no
antimicrobial agents. Composition, osmolarity, pH, and caloric content
are shown in Table 1. The Viaflex'
plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl
chloride (PL 146' Plastic). Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F
during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture
content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that
these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within
the expiration period. The amount of water that can permeate from inside
the container into the overwrapis insufficient to affect the solution
significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach
out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts;
however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic
container materials.
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| dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP have value as a source of water and calories. They are
capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the
patient.
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| dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
| dailymed-instance:contraind... |
The infusion of
hypertonic dextrose injections is contraindicated in patients having
intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage, in patients who are severely
dehydrated, in patients who are anuric, and in patients in hepatic coma. Solutions
containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known
allergy to corn or corn products.
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| dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
| dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
| dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Administration of
hypertonic dextrose and amino acid solutions via central venous catheter
may be associated with complications which can be prevented or minimized by careful attention to all aspects of the procedure. This includes
attention to solution preparation, administration and patient
monitoring. It is essential that a carefully prepared protocol,
based upon current medical practice, be followed, preferably by an
experienced team. The package insert of the protein
(nitrogen) source should be consulted for dosage and all precautionary
information. Clinical evaluation
and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes
in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance
during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Care should be
taken to avoid circulatory overload, particularly in patients with
cardiac insufficiency. Caution must be
exercised in the administration of these injections to patients
receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin. These injections
should be used with caution in patients with overt or subclinical
diabetes mellitus. Drug product
contains no more than 25��g/L of aluminum.<br/>Carcinogenesis and
Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility.: Studies
with Dextrose Injection, USP, have not been performed to
evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects
on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy::<br/>Teratogenic
Effects:<br/>Nursing Mothers:: Caution
should be exercised when Dextrose Injection, USP, is
administered to a nursing woman.<br/>Pediatric Use:: Dextrose is
safe and effective for the stated indications in pediatric
patients (see Indications and Usage). As reported in the literature, the dosage selection
and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be
selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly
neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased
risk of hyperglycemia/ hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of
serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is
prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low
birth weight infants.
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| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose monohydrate
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Too rapid infusion
of a hypertonic dextrose solution may result in diuresis, hyperglycemia,
glycosuria, and hyperosmolar coma. Continual clinical monitoring of the
patient is necessary in order to identify and initiate measures for
these clinical conditions. Reactions which may
occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include
febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and
hypervolemia. If an adverse
reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the
remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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| dailymed-instance:warning |
Dilute before use
to a concentration which will, when administered with an amino acid
(nitrogen) source, result in an appropriate calorie to gram of nitrogen
ratio and which has an osmolarity consistent with the route of
administration. Unless
appropriately diluted, the infusion of hypertonic dextrose injection
into a peripheral vein may result in vein irritation, vein damage, and
thrombosis. Strongly hypertonic nutrient solutions should only be
administered through an indwelling intravenous catheter with the tip
located in a large central vein such asthe superior vena cava. In very low birth
weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose injection
may result in increased serum osmolality and possible intracerebral
hemorrhage. WARNING: This
product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is
impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their
kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and
phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum. Research indicates
that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature
neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to
5��g/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower
rates of administration.
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| dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Dextrose
Injections, USP are indicated as a caloric component in a parenteral
nutrition regimen. They are used with an appropriate protein (nitrogen)
source in the prevention of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of
negative nitrogen balance in patients where: (1) the alimentary tract
cannot or should not be used, (2) gastrointestinal absorption of protein
is impaired, or (3) metabolic requirements for protein are substantially
increased, as with extensive burns.
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| dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | |
| dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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