Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (Injection, Solution)

Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/16

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Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
dailymed-instance:dosage
As directed by a physician. Dosage is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter anddiscoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Use of a final filter is recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions, where possible. All injections in AVIVA plastic containers are intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment. Additives may be incompatible. Complete information is not available. Those additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if available. If, in the informed judgment of the physician, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives.
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Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and caloric supply in a single dose container for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. Composition, osmolarity, pH, ionic concentrationand caloric content are shown in Table 1. The flexible container is made with non-latex plastic materials specially designed for a wide range of parenteral drugs including those requiring delivery in containers made of polyolefins or polypropylene. For example, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of paclitaxel. In addition, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of all drugs deemed compatible with existing polyvinyl chloride container systems. The solution contact materials do not contain PVC, DEHP, or other plasticizers. The suitability of the container materials has been established through biological evaluations, which have shown the container passes Class VI U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) testing for plastic containers. These tests confirm the biological safety of the container system. The flexible container is a closed system, and air is prefilled in the container to facilitate drainage. The container does not require entry of external air during administration. The container has two ports: one is the administration outlet port for attachment of an intravenous administration set and the other port has a medication site for addition of supplemental medication (See Directions for Use). The primary function of the overwrap is to protect the container from the physical environment.
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Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP has value as a source of water, electrolytes and calories. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.
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Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
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Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP in AVIVA plastic container is available as follows: Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. It is recommended the product be stored at room temperature (25��C); brief exposure up to 40��C does not adversely affect the product.
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General: Do not connect flexible plastic containers of intravenous solutions in series connections. Such use could result in air embolism due to residual air being drawn from one container before administration of the fluid from a secondary container is completed. Pressurizing intravenous solutions contained in flexible plastic containers to increase flow rates can result in air embolism if the residual air in the container is not fully evacuated prior to administration. Use of a vented intravenous administration set with the vent in the open position could result in air embolism. Vented intravenous administration sets with the vent in the open position should not be used with flexible plastic containers. For patients receiving potassium supplement at greater than maintenance rates, frequent monitoring of serum potassium levels and serial EKGs are recommended. Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP should be used with caution in patients with overt or subclinical diabetes mellitus.<br/>Laboratory Tests: Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.<br/>Drug Interactions: Caution must be exercised in the administration of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin. Studies have not been conducted to evaluate additional drug/drug or drug/food interactions with Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.<br/>Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility: Studies with Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Teratogenic Effects:<br/>Labor and Delivery: Studies have not been conducted to evaluate the effects of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP on labor and delivery. Caution should be exercised when administering this drug during labor and delivery.<br/>Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is administered to a nursing mother.<br/>Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies. However, the use of potassium chloride injection in pediatric patients to treat potassium deficiency states when oral replacement therapy is not feasible is referenced in the medical literature. Dextrose is safe and effective for the stated indications in pediatric patients (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE). As reported in the literature, the dosage selection and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants.<br/>Geriatric Use: Clinical studies of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in the responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or drug therapy. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
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Dextrose monohydrate, Sodium Chloride and Potassium Chloride
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Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (Injection, Solution)
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Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation, and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
dailymed-instance:warning
Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention. Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure, and in conditions in which potassium retention is present. Injections containing carbohydrates with low electrolyte concentration should not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same administration set because of the possibility of pseudoagglutination or hemolysis. The container label for these injections bears the statement: Do not administer simultaneously with blood. The intravenous administration of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection. In patients with diminished renal function, administration of Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP may result in sodium or potassium retention. In very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose injection may result in increased serum osmolality and possible intracerebral hemorrhage. Potassium salts should never be administered by IV push.
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Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is indicated as a source of water, electrolytes and calories.
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Potassium Chloride in Dextrose and Sodium Chloride