Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/153
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Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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The dose and rate
of administration are dependent upon the specific condition of each
patient. Administer Intravenously only with a
calibrated infusion device at a slow, controlled rate. Because pain
associated with peripheral infusion of Potassium Chloride solution
has been reported, whenever possible, administration via a central
route is recommended for thorough dilution by the blood stream and
avoidance of extravasation. Highest concentrations (300 and 400
mEq/L) should be exclusively administered via central
route. Recommended
administration rates should not usually exceed 10mEq/hour or 200mEq for
a 24 hour period if the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5
mEq/liter. In urgent cases
where the serum potassium level is less than 2.0 mEq/liter or where
severe hypokalemia is a threat, (serum potassium level less than 2.0
mEq/liter and electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis)
rates up to 40 mEq/hour or 400 mEq over a 24 hour period can be
administered very carefully when guided by continuous monitoring of the
EKG and frequent serum K+ determinations to avoid hyperkalemia and
cardiac arrest. Parenteral drug
products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and
discoloration, whenever solution and container permit. Use of a final
filter is recommended during administration of all parenteral solutions
where possible.Do not add supplementary medication.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
This Potassium
Chloride Injection, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, highly concentrated,
ready-to-use, solution of Potassium Chloride, USP in Water for
Injection, USP for electrolyte replenishment in a single dose container
for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. This Viaflex' Plus
plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl
chloride (PL 146' Plastic). Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F
during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture
content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that
these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within
the expiration period. The amount of water that can permeate from inside
the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution
significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach
out certain of its chemical components from the plastic in very small
amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the
plastic container materials.
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Potassium is the
major cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter of intracellular water) and is
concerned with the maintenance of the body fluid composition and
electrolyte balance. Potassium participates in carbohydrate utilization,
protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction
and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the major
extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and
changes in the acid-base of the body are reflected by changes in the
chloride concentration. Normally about 80
to 90% of the potassium intake is excreted in the urine, the remainder
in the stools and to a small extent, in the perspiration. The kidney
does not conserve potassium well so that during fasting, or in patients
on a potassium-free diet, potassium loss from the body continues
resulting in potassium depletion. A deficiency of either potassium or
chloride will lead to a deficit ofthe other.
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Potassium Chloride
Injection is contraindicated in diseases where high potassium levels may
be encountered, and in patients with hyperkalemia, renal failure and inconditions in which potassium retention is present.
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| dailymed-instance:supply |
Potassium Chloride
Injection in Viaflex' Plus plastic containers is available as follows: Exposure of
pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized.&Avoid
excessive heat.&It is recommended that this product be stored
at room temperature (25��C).
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Laboratory Tests: Serum
potassium levels are not necessarily indicative of tissue
potassium levels. Solutions containing potassium should be used
with caution in the presence of cardiac or renal disease. Clinical
evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary
to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations,
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or
whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.
Significant deviations from normal concentrations may require
the use of additional electrolyte supplements, or the use of
electrolyte-free dextrose solutions to which individualized
electrolyte supplements may be added.<br/>Pregnancy:<br/>Pregnancy
Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with potassium chloride. It is also not known whether
potassium chloride can cause fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant woman or can affect
reproduction capacity. Potassium chloride should be
given to a pregnant woman only if clearly
needed.<br/>Pediatric Use: These
products should not be used in children at this time. Do not
administer unless solution is clear and seal is
intact.
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In the event of
hyperkalemia, discontinue the infusion immediately and institute
corrective therapy to reduce serum potassium levels as necessary. The
use of potassium containing foods or medications must also be
eliminated. Treatment of mild
to severe hyperkalemia with signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication
includes the following: 1. Dextrose
Injection, USP, 10% or 25%, containing 10 units of crystalline insulin
per 20 grams of dextrose administered intravenously, 300 to 500 mL per
hour. 2. Absorption and
exchange of potassium using sodium or ammonium cycle cation exchange
resin, orally and as retention enema. 3. Hemodialysis and
peritoneal dialysis. In cases of digitalization, too rapid a lowering of plasma potassium concentration
can cause digitalis toxicity.
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| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Potassium Chloride
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Potassium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Potassium
intoxication with mild or severe hyperkalemia has been reported. The
signs and symptoms of intoxication include, paresthesia of the
extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental
confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, heart block,
electrographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. EKG abnormalities serve
as a clinical reflection of the seriousness of changes in serum
potassium concentrations; peaked T waves and prolonged P-R intervals
usually occur with modest elevations above the upper limit of normal
potassium concentrations; P waves disappear, the QRS complex widens, and
eventual asystole usually occurs with higher elevations. Reactions which may
occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include
febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and
hypervolemia. Infusion of highly
concentrated potassium chloride solutions may cause local pain and vein irritation. . Reactions reported
with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting,
and abdominal pain and diarrhea. If an adverse
reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder
of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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THIS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED, READY-TO-USE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION IS INTENDED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF
SERUM K+ LEVELS AND FOR POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN FLUID
RESTRICTED PATIENTS WHO CANNOT ACCOMMODATE ADDITIONAL VOLUMES OF
FLUID ASSOCIATED WITH POTASSIUM SOLUTIONS OF LOWER
CONCENTRATION. TO AVOID POTASSIUM INTOXICATION, DO NOT INFUSE
THESE SOLUTIONS RAPIDLY. PATIENTS REQUIRING HIGHLY CONCENTRATED
SOLUTIONS SHOULD BE KEPT ON CONTINUOUS CARDIAC MONITORING AND
UNDERGO FREQUENT TESTING FOR SERUM POTASSIUM AND ACID-BASE BALANCE,
ESPECIALLY IF THEY RECEIVE DIGITALIS. In patients with
renal insufficiency, administration of potassium chloride may cause
potassium intoxication and life-threatening hyperkalemia. Administer intravenously only with a
calibrated infusion device at a slow, controlled rate. (See Dosage
and Administration). Because pain associated with peripheral
infusion of Potassium Chloride solution has been reported, whenever
possible, administration via a central route is recommended for
thorough dilution by the blood stream and avoidance of
extravasation. Highest concentrations (300 and 400 mEq/L) should be
exclusively administered via central route. The administration
of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations,
overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of
dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte
concentration. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with
peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the
electrolyte concentration.
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Potassium Chloride
Injection is indicated in the treatment of potassium deficiency states
when oral replacement is not feasible. THIS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED, READY-TO-USE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION IS INTENDED FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF
SERUM K+ LEVELS AND FOR POTASSIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN FLUID
RESTRICTED PATIENTS WHO CANNOT ACCOMMODATE ADDITIONAL VOLUMES OF
FLUID ASSOCIATED WITH POTASSIUM SOLUTIONS OF LOWER
CONCENTRATION. When using these
products, these patients should be on continuous cardiac monitoring and
frequent testing for serum potassium concentration and acid-base
balance.
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| dailymed-instance:name |
Potassium Chloride
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