Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/1324
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POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP must be
diluted before administration. Care must be taken to ensure there is complete
mixing of the potassium chloride with the large volume fluid, particularly
if soft or bag type containers are used. The dose and
rate of administration are dependent upon the specific condition of each patient. If
the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium can be
given at a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration of up to 40 mEq/liter.
The 24-hour total dose should not exceed 200 mEq. If
urgent treatment is indicated (serum potassium level less than 2.0 mEq/liter
with electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis) potassium chloride
may be infused very cautiously at a rate of up to 40 mEq/hour. In such cases,
continuous cardiac monitoring is essential. As much as 400 mEq may be administered
in a 24 hour period. In critical conditions, potassium chloride may be administered
in saline (unless contraindicated), rather than in dextrose containing fluids,
as dextrose may lower serum potassium levels. Prior
to entering vial, remove the metal seal and cleanse the rubber closure with
a suitable antiseptic agent. Parenteral drug products
should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, whenever
solution and container permit. TO PREVENT NEEDLE-STICK
INJURIES, NEEDLES SHOULD NOT BE RECAPPED, PURPOSELY BENT, OR BROKEN BY HAND.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP, is a sterile,
nonpyrogenic, concentrated solution of potassium chloride, USP in water for
injection administered by intravenous infusion only after dilution in a larger
volume of fluid. They are provided in the following variety of concentrations
and sizes comprising a choice of single-dose containers, all designed to provide
the commonly prescribed amounts of potassium chloride for single-dose infusion
after dilution in suitable large volume parenterals. *May contain hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. The
solutions contain no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except
for pH adjustment) and each is intended only for single-dose injection (after
dilution). When smaller doses are required, discard the unused portion. The
pH is 4.6 (4.0 to 8.0). Potassium Chloride for Injection
Concentrate, USP (appropriately diluted) is a parenteral fluid and electrolyte
replenisher. Potassium Chloride, USP is chemically
designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in water. The
semi-rigid material used for the plastic vials is fabricated from a specially
formulated polyolefin. It is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The safety
of the plastic has been confirmed by tests in animals according to USP biological
standards for plastic containers. The container requires no vapor barrier
to maintain the proper drug concentration.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
Potassium is the chief cation of body cells (160 mEq/liter
of intracellular water) and is concerned with the maintenance of body fluid
composition and electrolyte balance. Potassium participates in carbohydrate
utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve
conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the
major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes
in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride
concentration. Normally about 80 to 90% of the potassium
intake is excreted in the urine, the remainder in the stools and, to a small
extent, in perspiration. The kidney does not conserve potassium well so that
during fasting, or in patients on a potassium-free diet, potassium loss from
the body continues, resulting in potassium depletion. A deficiency of either
potassium or chloride will lead to a deficit of the other.
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dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP is contraindicated
in diseases where high potassium levels may be encountered, and in patients
with hyperkalemia, renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention
is present.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP, is supplied
in single-dose containers as follows: Store at controlled room temperature 15��to 30��C
(59��to 86��F) [See USP.] HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:genericDr... | |
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CONCENTRATE MUST BE DILUTED BEFORE USE.
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dailymed-instance:possibleD... | |
dailymed-instance:precautio... |
General: Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations
are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations,
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the
condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations
from normal concentrations may require the use of additional electrolyte supplements,
or the use of electrolyte-free dextrose solutions to which individualized
electrolyte supplements may be added. Potassium therapy
should be guided primarily by serial electrocardiograms, especially in patients
receiving digitalis. Serum potassium levels are not necessarily indicative
of tissue potassium levels. Solutions containing potassium should be used
with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly in the presence
of renal disease,and in such instances, cardiac monitoring is recommended. Solutions
containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with overt or
known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason. If
the administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to
discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may
result.<br/>Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects:
Pregnancy category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted
with potassium chloride. It is also not known whether potassium chloride can
cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction
capacity. Potassium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly
needed.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of fluid overload during parenteral therapy,
re-evaluate the patient's condition, and institute appropriate corrective
treatment. In the event of overdosage with potassium-containing
solutions, discontinue the infusion immediately, and institute corrective
therapy to reduce serum potassium levels. Treatment
of hyperkalemia includes the following:
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Potassium Chloride
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the
technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site
of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection,
extravasation, hypervolemia, and hyperkalemia. Too
rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and, rarely, vein
irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Reactions
reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication
include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory
paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart
block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits
result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If
an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of
the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
To avoid potassium intoxication, do not infuse solutions
rapidly. In patients with severe renal insufficiency, administration of potassium
chloride may cause potassium intoxication and life threatening hyperkalemia. The
administration of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration,
congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional
states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk
of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary
edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration. WARNING:
This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic
levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired.
Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature,and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain
aluminum. Research indicates that patients with impaired
kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels
of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels
associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may
occur at even lower rates of administration.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Potassium Chloride for Injection Concentrate, USP is indicated
in the treatment of potassium deficiency states when oral replacement is not
feasible.
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dailymed-instance:name |
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
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