Linked Life Data

P28482

Source:http://identifiers.org/uniprot/P28482

Statements in which the resource exists.
SubjectPredicateObjectContext
http://identifiers.org/unip...rdf:typebiopax3:ProteinReferencelld:biopax3
http://identifiers.org/unip...biopax3:commentSEQUENCE 360 AA; 41390 MW; E85D0B2A5D2D724E CRC64;lld:biopax3
http://identifiers.org/unip...biopax3:commentFUNCTION: Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The the MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additionnal cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to a [GC]AAA[GC] consensus sequence. Repress the expression of interferon gamma-induced genes. Seems to bind to the promoter of CCL5, DMP1, IFIH1, IFITM1, IRF7, IRF9, LAMP3, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and STAT1. Transcriptional activity is independent of kinase activity. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. COFACTOR: Magnesium (By similarity). ENZYME REGULATION: Phosphorylated by MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 on Thr-185 and Tyr-187 in response to external stimuli like insulin or NGF. Both phosphorylations are required for activity. This phosphorylation causes dramatic conformational changes, which enable full activation and interaction of MAPK1/ERK2 with its substrates. Phosphorylation on Ser-29 by SGK1 results in its activation by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Dephospphorylated and inactivated by DUSP3, DUSP6 and DUSP9. Inactivated by pyrimidylpyrrole inhibitors. SUBUNIT: Binds both upstream activators and downstream substrates in multimolecular complexes. Binds to HIV-1 Nef through its SH3 domain. This interaction inhibits its tyrosine-kinase activity. Interacts with ADAM15, ARHGEF2, ARRB2, DAPK1 (via death domain), HSF4, IER3, IPO7, DUSP6, NISCH, SGK1, and isoform 1 of NEK2. Interacts (phosphorylated form) with CAV2 ('Tyr-19'-phosphorylated form); the interaction, promoted by insulin, leads to nuclear location and MAPK1 activation. Interacts with MORG1, PEA15 and MKNK2 (By similarity). MKNK2 isoform 1 binding prevents from dephosphorylation and inactivation (By similarity). Interacts with DCC (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome. Cytoplasm. Note=PEA15-binding and phosphorylated DAPK1 promote its cytoplasmic retention. Phosphorylation at Ser-246 and Ser-248 as well as autophosphorylation at Thr-190 promote nuclear localization. DOMAIN: The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases. PTM: Phosphorylated upon KIT and FLT3 signaling (By similarity). Dually phosphorylated on Thr-185 and Tyr-187, which activates the enzyme. Undergoes regulatory phosphorylation on additional residues such as Ser-246 and Ser-248 in the kinase insert domain (KID) These phosphorylations, which are probably mediated by more than one kinase, are important for binding of MAPK1/ERK2 to importin-7 (IPO7) and its nuclear translocation. In addition, autophosphorylation of Thr-190 was shown to affect the subcellular localization of MAPK1/ERK2 as well. Ligand-activated ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation. Dephosphorylated by PTPRJ at Tyr-187. Phosphorylation on Ser-29 by SGK1 results in its activation by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. DUSP3 and DUSP6 dephosphorylate specifically MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 whereas DUSP9 dephosphorylates a broader range of MAPKs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 protein kinase domain. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAA77753.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Extracellular signal-regulated kinase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_signal-regulated_kinase"; GENE SYNONYMS:MAPK1 ERK2 PRKM1 PRKM2. COPYRIGHT: Protein annotation is derived from the UniProt Consortium (http://www.uniprot.org/). Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License.lld:biopax3
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