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pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:abstractTextWe have characterized a group of cis-regulatory elements that control muscle-specific expression of the rat skeletal muscle type 1 sodium channel (SkM1) gene. These elements are located within a 3. 1-kilobase fragment that encompasses the 5'-flanking region, first exon, and part of the first intron of SkM1. We sequenced the region between -1062 and +311 and determined the start sites of transcription; multiple sites were identified between +1 and +30. The basal promoter (-65/+11) lacks cell-type specificity, while an upstream repressor (-174/-65) confers muscle-specific expression. A positive element (+49/+254) increases muscle-specific expression. Within these broad elements, two E boxes play a pivotal role. One E box at -31/-26 within the promoter, acting in part through its ability to bind the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, recruits additional factor(s) that bind elsewhere within the SkM1 sequence to control positive expression of the gene. A second E box at -90/-85 within the repressor controls negative regulation of the gene and acts through a different complex of proteins. Several of these cis-regulatory elements share both sequence and functional similarities with cis-regulatory elements of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit; the different arrangement of these elements may contribute to unique expression patterns for the two genes.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:pagination11327-34lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:dateRevised2008-11-21lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:year1998lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:articleTitleTwo E-boxes are the focal point of muscle-specific skeletal muscle type 1 Na+ channel gene expression.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. kraner@mail.med.upenn.edulld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9556626pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.lld:pubmed
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