| pubmed-article:2917070 | pubmed:abstractText | Since the introduction of the tracheoesophageal puncture technique for restoration of voice in 1980, 125 secondary punctures have been performed in 117 patients at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Preoperative evaluation, pharyngeal preparation, and their relation to final speech results were reviewed retrospectively. Critical factors in the rehabilitation of these patients are discussed based on our experience and a review of the literature. | lld:pubmed |
