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pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:abstractTextCell-mediated adaptive immunity is critical for host defense, but little is known about T cell behavior during delivery of effector function. Here we investigate relationships among antigen presentation, T cell motility, and local production of effector cytokines by CD4+ T cells within hepatic granulomas triggered by Bacille Calmette-Guérin or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At steady-state, only small fractions of mycobacteria-specific T cells showed antigen-induced migration arrest within granulomas, resulting in low-level, polarized secretion of cytokines. However, exogenous antigen elicited rapid arrest and robust cytokine production by the vast majority of effector T cells. These findings suggest that limited antigen presentation and/or recognition within granulomas evoke a muted T cell response drawing on only a fraction of the host's potential effector capacity. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of host-protective functions, especially how antigen availability influences T cell dynamics and, in turn, effector T cell function during chronic infection.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:authorpubmed-author:EgenJackson...lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:authorpubmed-author:RothfuchsAnto...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:copyrightInfoCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:issnTypeElectroniclld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:dateRevised2011-9-13lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:articleTitleIntravital imaging reveals limited antigen presentation and T cell effector function in mycobacterial granulomas.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:affiliationLymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21596592pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, N.I.H., Intramurallld:pubmed
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