pubmed-article:21161322 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:21161322 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0004611 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:21161322 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0035820 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:21161322 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0001128 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:21161322 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0376554 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:21161322 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0220905 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:21161322 | pubmed:issue | 5 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:21161322 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2011-2-11 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:21161322 | pubmed:abstractText | The D-enantiomers of amino acids have been thought to have relatively minor functions in biological processes. While L-amino acids clearly predominate in nature, D-amino acids are sometimes found in proteins that are not synthesized by ribosomes, and D-Ala and D-Glu are routinely found in the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria. Here, we review recent findings showing that D-amino acids have previously unappreciated regulatory roles in the bacterial kingdom. Many diverse bacterial phyla synthesize and release D-amino acids, including D-Met and D-Leu, which were not previously known to be made. These noncanonical D-amino acids regulate cell wall remodeling in stationary phase and cause biofilm dispersal in aging bacterial communities. Elucidating the mechanisms by which D-amino acids govern cell wall remodeling and biofilm disassembly will undoubtedly reveal new paradigms for understanding how extracytoplasmic processes are regulated as well as lead to development of novel therapeutics. | lld:pubmed |
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