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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:dateCreated2005-11-21lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:abstractTextDisease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS)--an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with a presumed T-cell driven autoimmune origin--has long been hypothesized to be associated with stress. However, this notion has only recently been supported by prospective clinical studies. Several clinical and molecular studies in MS and its animal models have recently shown disruptions in the communication between the immune system and the two major stress response systems, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system. Insensitivity to glucocorticoid and beta-adrenergic modulation might be involved in overshooting inflammation in MS, whereas hyperactivity of the HPA axis has been linked to neurodegeneration and increased disability. Here, we integrate findings from molecular, cellular, experimental, clinical and epidemiological research to describe the involvement of stress response systems in MS pathogenesis and progression.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:authorpubmed-author:SternbergEsth...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:authorpubmed-author:HeesenChristo...lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:authorpubmed-author:MohrDavid CDClld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:authorpubmed-author:HuitingaIngeIlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:volume26lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:pagination644-52lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:dateRevised2008-11-21lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:year2005lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:articleTitleThe role of stress-response systems for the pathogenesis and progression of MS.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:affiliationMultiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology and Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, NRB1 (Rm 479), 635 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:publicationTypeReviewlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16214415pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, N.I.H., Intramurallld:pubmed
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