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pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:abstractTextAn electrokinetic injection technique is described which uses a nuclear track-etched nanocapillary array to inject sample plugs from one layer of a microfluidic device into another vertically separated layer for electrophoretic separations. Gated injection protocols for analyte separations, reported here, establish nanocapillary array interconnects as a route to multilevel microfluidic analytical designs. The hybrid nanofluidic/microfluidic gated injection protocol allows sample preparation and separation to be implemented in separate horizontal planes, thereby achieving multilayer integration. Repeated injections and separations of FITC-labeled arginine and tryptophan, using 200-nm pore-diameter capillary array injectors in place of traditional cross injectors are used to demonstrate gated injection with a bias configuration that uses relay switching of a single high-voltage source. Injection times as rapid as 0.3 s along with separation reproducibilities as low as 1% for FITC-labeled arginine exemplify the capability for fast, serial separations and analyses. Impedance analysis of the micro-/nanofluidic network is used to gain further insight into the mechanism by which this actively controlled nanofluidic-interconnect injection method works. Gated sample introduction via a nanocapillary array interconnect allows the injection and separation protocols to be optimized independently, thus realizing the versatility needed for real-world implementation of rapid, serial microchip analyses.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:authorpubmed-author:CannonDonald...lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:pagination2224-30lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:dateRevised2006-11-15lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:year2003lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:articleTitleNanocapillary array interconnects for gated analyte injections and electrophoretic separations in multilayer microfluidic architectures.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:affiliationBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:12918959pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.lld:pubmed
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