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| pubmed-article:10843533 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1514578 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:issue | 2 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2000-6-20 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:abstractText | Heroin users from Guangxi province, a southern province of China that borders Vietnam in the south and Yunnan province in China in the west, were studied for prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection. Viral env sequences from HIV-1-positive individuals were also determined for subtypes of HIV-1. The overall HIV prevalence among 227 heroin users was 40%. Most had used drugs for < or = 3 years. Sharing of injection equipment and unprotected sex were significantly associated with HIV-1 infection. Subtypes C and E HIV-1 were detected in infected heroin users and were sharply segregated in two geographic locations: only subtype C was found in a border city with Yunnan province, whereas only subtype E was found in a city bordering northern Vietnam. HIV-1 strains within each subtype were remarkably homogenous, with a mean intersubject DNA distance of 2.32% for subtype E and 1.13% for subtype C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of C2-V5 region of Guangxi subtype E env sequences revealed significant clustering with subtype E sequences from southern Vietnam and Cambodia. These results suggest that HIV-1 infection among heroin users in Guangxi represents two emerging epidemics initiated from distinct sources: one from Vietnam and another from Yunnan province. Factors associated with HIV-1 infection were not restricted to injection practices. Unprotected sexual behaviors are likely to increase the probability of HIV transmission beyond this high-risk population. Designing and implementing effective intervention strategies targeted toward both injection drug use and high risk sexual behavior are urgently needed to further reduce HIV-1 spread in China. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:month | Oct | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:issn | 1525-4135 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:LinKK | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:LiuWW | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:YangJJ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ChenJJ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:LalPP | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HUII | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:RAILG AGA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WangZZ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:LiangSS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ViscidiR PRP | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:YuX FXF | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:BeyrerCC | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:Gurri-GlassGG | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:day | 1 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:volume | 22 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:pagination | 180-8 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2007-11-14 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:year | 1999 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:articleTitle | Emerging HIV infections with distinct subtypes of HIV-1 infection among injection drug users from geographically separate locations in Guangxi Province, China. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. xfyu@jhsph.edu | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:10843533 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
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