| pubmed-article:9931659 | pubmed:abstractText | Prior to sphincter-saving rectal surgery an in-depth evaluation of the patient's anorectal physiology is of paramount importance to avoid poor functional outcome. A detailed history comprising all previous operations and childbirths as well as a precise proctological examination are the most important steps in the diagnostic work-up. A standardized continence score is easy to obtain and can be used as a guideline preoperatively as well as during follow-up. Furthermore, endosonography, manometric studies and quality of life assessment can add valuable information before and after surgery. Electrophysiologic studies are generally not necessary and can therefore not be regarded as routine investigations. | lld:pubmed |
