| pubmed-article:9234696 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021756 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205108 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0442805 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0086222 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1145667 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1521761 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205263 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1880177 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1705733 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:issue | 8 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:dateCreated | 1997-8-25 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:abstractText | Triggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades. Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation. Prominent protein kinase cascades are those that activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. We show here that c-Raf, which is at the helm of the classic MAP-Erk cascade, contributes to IL-2 induction through a distal enhancer element spanning the nucleotides from positions -502 to -413 in front of the transcriptional start site of the IL-2 gene. Induction of this distal IL-2 enhancer differs from induction of the proximal IL-2 promoter-enhancer, since it is induced by phorbol esters alone and independent from Ca2+ signals. In DNA-protein binding studies, we detected the binding of transcription factors GABP alpha and -beta to a dyad symmetry element (DSE) of the distal enhancer, which is formed by palindromic binding sites of Ets-like factors. Introduction of point mutations suppressing GABP binding to the DSE interfered with the induction of the distal enhancer and the entire IL-2 promoter-enhancer, while overexpression of both GABP factors enhanced the IL-2 promoter-enhancer induction. Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction. In conjunction with previously published data on c-Raf-induced phosphorylation of GABP factors (E. Flory, A. Hoffmeyer, U. Smola, U. R. Rapp, and J. T. Bruder, J. Virol. 70:2260-2268, 1996), these results indicate a contribution of GABP factors to the Raf-mediated enhancement of IL-2 induction during T-cell activation. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:month | Aug | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:issn | 0270-7306 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:RappU RUR | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SerflingEE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:FloroSS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:AvotsAA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HoffmeyerAA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:CimanisAA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:volume | 17 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:pagination | 4381-9 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9234696 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-19 | lld:pubmed |
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