| pubmed-article:9094984 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0019704 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0026724 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0086168 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1999216 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0220784 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205227 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:issue | 4 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:dateCreated | 1997-4-29 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:abstractText | The rarity of oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 by saliva suggests the absence of HIV-1 in the oral cavity and/or the presence of viral inhibitory molecules. We analyzed salivary gland tissues from 55 individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) for the presence of HIV-1 by in situ hybridization and detected the virus in more than 30% of these salivary glands. These data, together with previous demonstrations of HIV-1 in oral secretions, implicate a key role for an anti-viral molecule(s) in suppressing transmission. Thus, we focused on the characterization and localization of the endogenous antiviral molecule secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), which inhibits HIV-1 infection in vitro. Expression of SLPI transcripts was evident in submandibular, parotid, and minor salivary glands from both HIV-1-infected and seronegative subjects. Gene expression was reflected by similar levels of SLPI protein by immunohistochemical analysis in the tissues and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the saliva. However, although SLPI accumulated in acinar cells or ductal epithelium, HIV-1 transcripts did not, and these viral transcripts were identified only in mononuclear cells within the salivary gland stroma. By in situ hybridization, we found no evidence of productive HIV-1 infection of salivary gland epithelium. Thus, HIV-1 was frequently identified in salivary gland tissue, but the virus was found in interstitial mononuclear cells only and did not co-localize with SLPI. Once within the oral cavity, HIV-1 exposure to antiviral levels of SLPI may impede infection of additional target cells, contributing to the virtual absence of oral transmission of HIV-1 by saliva. These studies emphasize the importance of innate, endogenous inhibitors of HIV-1, particularly SLPI, as effective inhibitors of HIV-1 transmission. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:grant | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:grant | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:commentsCorrections | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:citationSubset | AIM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:month | Apr | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:issn | 0002-9440 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:EisenbergSS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WahlS MSM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WorleyPP | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:OrensteinJ... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:JinWW | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:JanoffE NEN | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:McNeelyT BTB | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:FaschingCC | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:volume | 150 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:pagination | 1275-84 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:9094984-... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:year | 1997 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:articleTitle | Anatomic dissociation between HIV-1 and its endogenous inhibitor in mucosal tissues. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:affiliation | Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, MD 20892-4352, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:9094984 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:9094984 | lld:pubmed |
