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pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:abstractTextNorepinephrine (NE) was microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), while microdialysis was used to monitor extracellular dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The PVN is a site where exogenously administered NE can act through alpha 2 receptors to elicit eating behavior and preference for carbohydrates. It was hypothesized that NE in the PVN acts on a behavior reinforcement system by altering the DA/ACh balance in the NAc. NE microinjections (80 nmol in 0.3 microliter), which effectively elicited feeding in satiated rats in a separate test, caused a significant increase in extracellular DA (109%) and decrease in ACh (-27%) when the same animals were tested in the absence of food. In contrast when the food was available and ingested, ACh increased (51%) instead of decreasing. These results support the hypothesis that a functional link exists between the PVN and the NAc in which DA helps initiate and ACh helps stop appetitive behavior involved in the reinforcement of eating.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:dateRevised2007-11-14lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:articleTitleNorepinephrine microinjections in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus increase extracellular dopamine and decrease acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens: relevance to feeding reinforcement.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:9003054pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.lld:pubmed
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