| pubmed-article:7622240 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0010416 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0042765 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1524059 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0031327 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0025196 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:issue | 8 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:dateCreated | 1995-8-25 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:abstractText | Black melanin-like pigments are produced by several neurotropic fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans. Pigment production is associated with virulence. In media containing phenolic substrates such as L-dopa, C. neoformans cells become black as a result of pigment accumulation. Pigmented and nonpigmented C. neoformans cells were studied with transmission electron microscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy showed electron-dense cell walls, and ESR spectroscopy revealed a stable free-radical population in pigmented cells. The ESR signals of pigmented cells were increased by light, alkaline pH, and Zn2+ and decreased by acid pH, indicating that the black pigment was a type of melanin. A mutant deficient in melanin synthesis (mel) generated by UV radiation lacked ESR-detectable radicals, was less virulent for mice, was more susceptible to killing by nitrogen- and oxygen-derived radicals, and had 100-foldless phenoloxidase activity than the parent strain. The interaction of melanized C. neoformans, nonmelanized C. neoformans, and the hypomelanotic mel mutant with J774.16 murine macrophage-like cells was studied. Melanized cells were more resistant to antibody-mediated phagocytosis and the antifungal effects of murine macrophages than nonmelanized cells. Small increases in the intensity of the ESR signals of melanized cells in solutions containing chemically generated oxygen- and nitrogen-derived radicals indicated electron transfer to or from melanin. Melanin appears to contribute to virulence by protecting fungal cells against attack by immune effector cells. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:month | Aug | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:issn | 0019-9567 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:AisenPP | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WangYY | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:CasadevallAA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:volume | 63 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:geneSymbol | mel | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:pagination | 3131-6 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:year | 1995 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:articleTitle | Cryptococcus neoformans melanin and virulence: mechanism of action. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:7622240 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | lld:pubmed |
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