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pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:dateCreated2011-5-11lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:abstractTextThe fossil record indicates that crinoids have exhibited remarkable regenerative abilities since their origin in the Ordovician, abilities that they likely inherited from stem-group echinoderms. Regeneration in extant and fossil crinoids is recognized by abrupt differences in the size of abutting plates, aberrant branching patterns, and discontinuities in carbon isotopes. While recovery is common, not all lost body parts can be regenerated; filling plates and overgrowths are evidence of non-regenerative healing. Considering them as a whole, Paleozoic crinoids exhibit the same range of regenerative and non-regenerative healing as Recent crinoids. For example, Paleozoic and extant crinoids show evidence of crown regeneration and stalk regrowth, which can occur only if the entoneural nerve center (chambered organ) remains intact. One group of Paleozoic crinoids, the camerates, may be an exception in that they probably could not regenerate their complex calyx-plating arrangements, including arm facets, but their calyxes could be healed with reparative plates. With that exception, and despite evidence for increases in predation pressure, there is no compelling evidence that crinoids have changed though time in their ability to recover from wounds. Finally, although crinoid appendages may be lost as a consequence of severe abiotic stress and through ontogenetic development, spatiotemporal changes in the intensity and frequency of biotic interactions, especially direct attacks, are the most likely explanation for observed patterns of regeneration and autotomy in crinoids.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:languageenglld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:journalhttp://linkedlifedata.com/r...lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:issn1557-7023lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:authorpubmed-author:BaumillerToma...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:authorpubmed-author:GahnForest...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:copyrightInfo© The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:issnTypeElectroniclld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:volume50lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:pagination514a-514mlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:year2010lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:articleTitleEvolutionary history of regeneration in crinoids (Echinodermata).lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Geology, Brigham Young University - Idaho, Rexburg, ID 83460-0510, USA. gahnf@byui.edulld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:publicationTypeHistorical Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21558219pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tlld:pubmed