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pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:abstractTextMembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is characterised by mesangial expansion and hypercellularity and capillary wall thickening with capillary wall and mesangial deposits of immunoglobulin and/or complement. Two main forms are described in humans: MPGN type I with subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy, and MPGN type II, or dense deposit disease, with electron dense transformation of the glomerular capillary wall. Spontaneous MPGN type I has been described in dogs and sheep in association with C3 deficiency. Induced models of MPGN type I have been described in mice with cryoglobulinaemia. Glomerulonephritis resembling MPGN type II has occurred spontaneously in pigs that have a genetic deficiency of the complement control protein factor H. The animals develop capillary wall deposits of C3 before birth. Mice have been genetically engineered with a deficiency of factor H and similarly develop glomerular capillary wall C3 with MPGN. This model has been used to study both pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. In particular, MPGN associated with factor H deficiency is absolutely dependent on both the ability to activate C3 and on the ability of factor I to cleave C3b. There is an important role for C5 activation in the development of glomerular inflammation in this model. Factor H dysfunction is associated with an increased susceptibility to complement-activating nephrotoxic insults and in these scenarios C5 activation appears to play a major role in mediating glomerular injury.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:statusMEDLINElld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:issn1662-2782lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:authorpubmed-author:PickeringMatt...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:authorpubmed-author:CookTerenceTlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:authorpubmed-author:VernonKatheri...lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:copyrightInfoCopyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:issnTypeElectroniclld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:volume169lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:pagination198-210lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:year2011lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:articleTitleExperimental models of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, including dense deposit disease.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:affiliationCentre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21252520pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed