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pubmed-article:21041310pubmed:abstractTextThe mechanisms responsible for 17?-estradiol (E(2))-stimulated breast cancer growth and development of resistance to tamoxifen and other estrogen receptor ? (ER?) antagonists are not fully understood. We describe a new tool for dissecting ER? action in breast cancer, p-fluoro-4-(1,2,3,6,-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-thionpurin-8-ylthio) (TPSF), a potent small-molecule inhibitor of estrogen receptor ? that does not compete with estrogen for binding to ER?. TPSF noncompetitively inhibits estrogen-dependent ER?-mediated gene expression with little inhibition of transcriptional activity by NF-?B or the androgen or glucocorticoid receptor. TPSF inhibits E(2)-ER?-mediated induction of the proteinase inhibitor 9 gene, which is activated by ER? binding to estrogen response element DNA, and the cyclin D1 gene, which is induced by tethering ER? to other DNA-bound proteins. TPSF inhibits anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent E(2)-ER?-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells but does not inhibit growth of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. TPSF also inhibits ER?-dependent growth in three cellular models for tamoxifen resistance; that is, 4-hydroxytamoxifen-stimulated MCF7ER?HA cells that overexpress ER?, fully tamoxifen-resistant BT474 cells that have amplified HER-2 and AIB1, and partially tamoxifen-resistant ZR-75 cells. TPSF reduces ER? protein levels in MCF-7 cells and several other cell lines without altering ER? mRNA levels. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 abolished down-regulation of ER? by TPSF. Thus, TPSF affects receptor levels at least in part due to its ability to enhance proteasome-dependent degradation of ER?. TPSF represents a novel class of ER inhibitor with significant clinical potential.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21041310pubmed:articleTitleA noncompetitive small molecule inhibitor of estrogen-regulated gene expression and breast cancer cell growth that enhances proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor {alpha}.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:21041310pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3602, USA.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:21041310pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tlld:pubmed
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